形成这些气态离子的结果是什么呢？
被称为离子的带电粒子沿着纳米线移动，导致它伸长、弯曲和摆动。
Charged particles called ions travel along the nanowire, causing it to stretch out in length and also bend and wiggle.
前体离子扫描是指监测前体离子的特定损失。
Precursor ion scanning refers to monitoring for a specific loss from the precursor ion.
可以使用氢化物离子亲和力评估碳正离子和碳负离子的稳定性。
Carbocation and carbanion stabilities can be assessed using hydride ion affinities.
好，这就是等电子离子的概念。
当我们处理离子的时候，问题出现了。
很多非热逸过程都离不开离子的参与。
所以，形成这些气态离子的结果是什么呢？
它用一种称为离子的荷电原子而非电子来携带电流。
Instead of electrons carrying the current, though, it is carried by electrically charged atoms called ions.
如今，全美每个主要医疗中心均具备产生X光、质子、中子或重离子的加速器。
Today, accelerators producing X-rays, protons, neutrons or heavy ions can be found at every major medical center in the U.S..
一些二氧化碳会被海水吸收，改变海水中氢和碳酸盐离子的比例，使得海水酸化。
Some of this carbon dioxide is absorbed by ocean water, altering the proportion of hydrogen and carbonate ions, and making the water more acidic.
(可以通过离子穿过通道需要的时间来鉴别，因为通过时间取决于离子的大小)。
(Ions can be identified by how long it takes them to cross the channel, which depends on their size).
本周，我关注着在纽约州约翰逊市进行的一项基于锂离子的储能网络研究。
This week, I’m reading about a lithium ion-based energy storage grid in Johnson City, N.Y.
两个实验的重点是量子铝原子钟，它利用单一铝离子的震荡来精准测量时间的流逝。
The key to both experiments is the quantum logic atomic clock, which USES the oscillation of a single aluminium ion to maintain precise timing.
但LHC也同样被计划用于重铅离子的相对论性对撞来帮助物理学家们窥探时间开始时的情形。
But the LHC is also designed to collide heavy lead ions relativistically to help physicists peer back into the beginning of time.
SWEAP太阳风实验将计算太阳风中的电子，质子及氦离子的数量，并且测量这些粒子的性质。
The SWEAP solar wind experiment will count the electrons, protons and helium ions in the solar wind and measure their properties.
他们把含有多孔碳的电极暴露在富含锂离子的电解质中并在电极的另一端放置一个隔栅用以吸入空气。
They exposed one side of their porous carbon electrode to an electrolyte rich in lithium ions and put a mesh window on the other side of the electrode through which air could be drawn.
氪不能被Pt F 6氧化。在无水氟化氢(aHF)溶液中，氙能形成过渡金属离子的配合物，而氪不行。
Krypton is not oxidized by PtF6, and in the solvent anhydrous HF (aHF), forms no complexes with transition-metal ions as xenon does.
卡斯柏对于探测器可能揭露的等离子移动现象准备了几套理论解释，但有时最好的理论也无法准确预测到等离子的真实情况。
Kasper has several theories about the plasma movements his detector could uncover, but sometimes even the best theories can't anticipate what the actual conditions in the plasma will be.
2005年，加利福尼亚州斯坦福大学的一个研究组报道，把可驱动离子的光敏微生物蛋白质基因重组为神经元时，也能产生同样的变化。
In 2005, a team at Stanford University in California reported that light-sensitive microbial proteins that also move ions can cause the same changes when they are genetically engineered into neurons.
由于等离子层中等离子的高浓度会阻止哨声波与粒子之间相互影响的有效性，故通常此类的电子加速是很难或几乎是不可能实现的。
Normally, such electron acceleration is difficult or impossible because the plasmasphere's high plasma density prevents the chorus waves from efficiently interacting with particles.
但是铅离子的对撞将会是不同的；因为铅离子完全由原子核组成——而不仅仅只是一个单一的亚原子粒子(subatomic particle)——它们的质量要大得多。
But the lead ion collisions will be different; because lead ions are composed of complete atomic nuclei - not just a single subatomic particle - their masses are far larger.
即使是元素状态为气体的氮，也通常作为硝酸根离子从土壤中被吸收。
Even nitrogen, which is a gas in its elemental state, is normally absorbed from the soil as nitrate ions.
磷酯酰肌醇二磷酸直接结合离子通道和调节它们的行为。
PIP2 binds directly to ion channels and modulates their activity.
他说：“锂离子电池技术目前还有很大的潜力。”
"There is a lot of headroom in lithium ion battery technology," he said.
研究人员在小鼠脑内注入某种良性病毒，这种病毒使细胞膜上和细胞兴奋有关的离子通道对光产生反应。
Researchers have engineered a benign virus that, when injected into the brain, makes the ion channels—the switches that turn cells on and off—responsive to light.
从太阳而来的辐射，将尘埃粒子吹离彗发，形成尘埃彗尾；同时，来自太阳的带电粒子将一些彗星气体电离成离子，形成离子彗尾。
Radiation from the sun pushes dust particles away from the coma, forming a dust tail, while charged particles from the sun convert some of the comet's gases into ions, forming an ion tail.
科学家们通过软件模拟达尔文的进化论，实现了对未来航天器离子发动机的优化设计。
An ion engine designed to power future spacecraft has achieved its optimal design via software that simulates Darwinian evolution.
锂离子电池的首次提出是在20世纪70年代，但直到20年后才得以商业化。在短期内，该技术最有可能成为实现清洁电力之梦想的金钥匙。
Lithium ion batteries, first proposed in the 1970s but not commercialised until 20 years later, are the technology most likely in the short-term to make the clean electricity dream viable.
离子通道位于细胞外膜，使带电荷原子(即化学术语中的离子)可以进出细胞。
Ion channels sit in a cell's outer membrane and let electrically charged atoms (ions, as they are known in chemical jargon) in and out of the cell.
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