神经胶质的组织是大部分脑部肿瘤生成的地方。
The gluier glial tissue is where the largest prestige percentage and bring tomes of brain tumors beg in.
但最新的研究表明，神经胶质的作用要远远大得多。
它由星形细胞瘤，少突胶质细胞瘤，室管膜瘤发展而来，它们是由神经外胚层细胞诱导的。
It developed from astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, which were induced by neural ectoblast.
来自美国和澳大利亚的科学家开展了此项研究，他们的研究重点是占大脑组织90%的神经胶质细胞。
The American and Australian scientists who carried out the research focused on the way alcohol affects glial cells, which make up 90 per cent of the brain.
GFAP蛋白是星形胶质细胞的细胞骨架成分。年龄增长、脑损伤、神经退行性疾病都会使GFAP蛋白水平增高。
GFAP levels normally rise with age, brain injury, and neurodegenerative disease.
为了测试这项技术在研究大脑疾病中的优势，研究者们观察了一种致命的大脑疾病——神经胶质瘤的小鼠模型。
To test the use of the technique for investigating brain disease, the researchers looked at a mouse model of glioma, a deadly form of brain cancer.
神经胶质瘤是脑癌最常见的一种类型。
作者得出的结论是：“总体来说，使用手机的人中神经胶质瘤和脑膜瘤(脑瘤中最常见的两种)发生的几率没有增加。”
The authors concluded: "Overall, no increase in risk of glioma or meningioma [the two most common types of brain tumors] was observed with use of mobile phones."
另外，在传出信息的神经末端会释放少量的神经传递素，从而增加突触后神经细胞中的神经胶质素。
In addition, the nerve endings from where information is sent must release slight amounts of neurotransmitters to stimulate the neuroligin in the postsynaptic nerve cell.
在老鼠实验中，使用人类的细胞，显示了用这种方式注视少突胶质细胞确实能帮助修复髓鞘并重建神经细胞传递信号的能力。
Tests in rats, using human cells, have shown that oligodendrocytes injected this way can indeed help repair myelin sheaths and restore the ability of nerve cells to carry signals.
他们看到了神经胶质瘤在大脑深部的特征性生长方式，与生长在表面的肿瘤相同。
They saw hallmarks of glioma growth in the deep brain that were previously known in tumors described as surficial (on or near the surface).
但这个机构并未发表手机的使用准则，并表示需要在找到更多有关神经胶质瘤与脑瘤症状提升的证据之后进行更多的研究。
The agency didn't issue guidelines for cell-phone use and said more study is needed after finding some evidence for an increased risk of glioma, or brain cancer.
该机构通过评估使用手机和罹患神经胶质瘤之间的关联性得出这一结论，后者是一种脑瘤的一种。然而，他们对“可致癌”的风险程度并未进行详细阐述。
The agency looked at current research and based its assessment partly on the association between phone use and glioma, a type of brain cancer, but did not specify the level of risk.
虽然每个人得神经胶质瘤的可能性依然很小，但40%的增长率则意味着在美国每年新增几千病例。
While the risk of any individual developing glioma would still be small, a 40 percent increase could still mean some thousands more new cases in the u.
他说：“胶质细胞增生发生在大脑中就相当于身体伤口的自动愈合，这种情况通常发生在出现神经元的损伤时，例如中风和多发性硬化症等等。”
He said: 'Gliosis is thought to be the brain equivalent of wound healing and is typically seen in conditions of neuronal injury, such as stroke and multiple sclerosis.
他的医生认为根源在于恶性神经胶质瘤，即脑部肿瘤，并预测病情不容乐观。
His doctors determined the cause was a malignant glioma, a brain tumor that carries a grim prognosis.
研究者们接下来通过特异性结合细胞表面蛋白质的抗体将神经胶质瘤细胞分成不同的类型。
The researchers then sorted glioma cells into different types using antibodies that stick to specific proteins on a cell's surface.
而就神经胶质瘤的发病而言，证据却是越来越多。
On gliomas, what’s more, they were concerned that the evidence was mounting.
发表在《职业与环境医学期刊》上的16项在瑞士的调查的分析结果表明：使用手机10年以上的人，患听觉神经瘤和神经胶质瘤的风险是翻倍的。
A Swedish analysis of 16 studies in the journal Occupational and Environmental Medicine showed a doubling of risk for acoustic neuroma and glioma after 10 years of heavy cellphone use.
神经学家过去认为这些粘糊糊的胶质只是用来把神经元黏合在一起。
Neuroscientists used to think glia were simply the sticky stuff that holds neurons together.
如果没有形成神经胶质素- 1，就会使得神经末端依旧处于发育不完全节段，从而释放不足的神经传递素；信息的流动也会被中断。
If no neuroligin-1 is formed, the nerve endings remain at an immature stage and release fewer neurotransmitters; the flow of information is interrupted.
令人担忧的是，随着与射频电磁场的广泛接触，可能会增加使用者患神经胶质瘤的风险。
The concern is that extended contact with radiofrequency electromagnetic fields may increase a user's risk for glioma.
其实，原数据表明，“长时间大量使用”手机（即每天打电话30分钟以上，保持10年），将导致神经胶质瘤的发生几率提高40%。
The raw data, in fact, showed that “long-term heavy use” — that is, talking on a cell phone for 30 minutes a day for 10 years — increased the odds of developing glioma by 40 percent.
这其中，蛋白分子神经胶质素- 1 (neuroligin - 1)起了重要作用，因其促进了神经接触位置(神经元突触)必要的发育成熟过程。
The protein molecule neuroligin-1 plays an important role in this as it stimulates the necessary maturation processes at the contact sites (synapses) of the nerves.
这其中，蛋白分子神经胶质素- 1 (neuroligin - 1)起了重要作用，因其促进了神经接触位置(神经元突触)必要的发育成熟过程。
The protein molecule neuroligin-1 plays an important role in this as it stimulates the necessary maturation processes at the contact sites (synapses) of the nerves.
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