像以前一样，我们先来画相图。
或者画一个相图，然后说这条线在这。
好，让我们看看温度,和摩尔分数相图。
OK, so we're going to look at temperature and mole fraction phase diagrams.
让我们从，这副相图开始。
So. Let's just start somewhere on a phase diagram like this.
定量地描述，整个相图。
To describe quantitatively throughout the entire phase diagram.
现在我可以对糖水画出相同的相图。
相图中完全是液相的区域。
他们都和这个相图相联系。
可以画出相图。
好，看，我尽量使我画出的相图是正确的。
OK. See, I was really trying to make it so that my drawing was right.
那么如果看那个，看看，相图会如何，是下面的内容。
So, if we look at that, and just see what the phase diagram is going to look like, it's the following.
当然，有些内容你也能，直接从相图中读出来。
And of course, that's something you can read right off the diagram as well.
这是纯物质的相图。
我上次也展示给你们，在这样的相图中改变温度。
Or change temperature in diagrams like I also showed last time.
我们之前做的基本是，通过这些相图，弄清楚如何来读它们。
What what we've done mostly is just go through these phase diagrams, see how to read them.
对于任一摩尔分数，去预计它穿越相图，会做什么并不容易。
It's not easy to calculate a priori what it's going to do all the way across the phase diagram for any mole fraction.
如果有正偏移，我们看到的就不是正常的相图，而是像这样子。
And if you have a positive deviation, instead of having a usual phase diagram, you're going to get something that's looking like this.
我们来画相图，蒸汽压下降，意味着凝固点降低，和沸点降低。
And we also drew a phase diagram to show how this vapor pressure lowering was going to imply freezing point depression and boiling point depression.
你们到现在所学的所有东西，都可以用在这些相图上。
And everything you've learned so far can be applied to these diagrams here.
现在我把AB的整个相图放在一起，我不应该擦掉的。
OK, so now if I put the whole diagram together, which I shouldn't have erased here.
对不同盐度洪水与铁路路基岩盐作用进行了相图分析。
The phase diagram of saliferous water-railway basis saltstone system was analysized.
在这样的相图中，改变压强时如何追踪上面发生的变化。
How to follow events on them as you change pressure in a diagram like this.
现在如果我要画相图，我只需要关注，这里代表总压强。
So now if I draw a diagram, and I just focus on, so there's the total pressure sitting here.
其实我根本不看我的星相图，而马克认为这完全是浪费钱。
'I don't even read my horoscope and Mark thought it was a complete waste of money.
这意味着我们可以用，之前压强摩尔分数，相图里类似的方法。
That means I could follow the same sort of procedure that I indicated before when we looked at the pressure mole fraction phase diagram.
因为这个共存曲线，相图和克拉珀龙方程，都是对纯物质得到的。
Because this gas liquid coexistence line, this diagram, and this Clapeyron equation, is all done for a pure substance.
我们通常的相图是这样，这个轴是温度轴，这个轴是压强轴，这里是三相点。
So our usual phase diagram here with temperature on this axis here and pressure on this axis here, and we've got our triple point sitting here.
这是普通的蒸馏过程，蒸馏的每一步，都沿着相图中的一些选定的店。
Each step of the distillation walks along in the phase diagram at some selected point.
这就是我们在整个相图里看到的偏移，就像有人在把曲线往下推一样。
You see deviation of that whole phase diagram, like you're pushing down on it.
是可以做的，近似地考虑，要强调的是，我们现在可以计算，相图里面的线了。
Doable, approximately. But the point is, we can actually now locate all those lines that we sort of arbitrarily drew on the phase diagrams.
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