1724年，约翰·海因里希·舒尔茨发现银和白垩的混合物见光后会变黑。
The first permanent photograph was made in 1826 by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, building on a discovery by Johann Heinrich Schultz (1724): a silver and chalk mixture darkens under exposure to light.
土壤：这块葡萄园种在一个小山丘的南面，它的土壤是黏土和白垩的混合型土壤。
Terroir:The vines are planted on the South side of small hills where the soil is a mix of chalk and clay.
结果表明，油田白垩的渗透性与其所承受的应力、渗压梯度和基质吸力都有着密切的联系。
The results show that the permeability is closely related with the confined stress, hydraulic pressure and matrix suction.
它由古罗马人一手炮制。罗马人命令所有被征服的民众要嘛购买白垩的心形糖果，在糖果上包裹轻浮的拉丁习语，要嘛接受严厉的惩罚。
It was cooked up by the ancient Romans, who ordered all of the empire's conquered peoples to buy chalky heart-shaped candies covered with flirty Latin phrases or face the punishment of crucifixion.
57英尺长，9吨重，棘龙在大约1亿年前的白垩纪早期就开始四处活动。
Fifty-seven feet long and up to nine tons, spinosaurus started poking his head around the early Cretaceous some 100 million years ago.
海洋沉积物中浮游生物的这种变化标志着白垩纪和第三纪的分界线。
This change in plankton found in marine deposits is what marks the boundary between the Cretaceous and the Tertiary.
围绕索米尔的含白垩土壤出产著名的安茹葡萄酒。
The chalky soil around Saumur produces the famous Anjou wines.
他一再用白垩粉擦他的球杆尖。
地质记录显示，在白垩纪末期这些航道从大陆撤退，回到主要的海洋盆地。
At the end of the Cretaceous, the geological record shows that these seaways retreated from the continents back into the major ocean basins.
科学家将白垩纪末期的大灭绝与地球上的陨石撞击联系起来。
Scientists have linked the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous with a meteorite impact on Earth.
在这一系列周期性物种灭绝事件里，白垩纪晚期恐龙和菊石的灭绝仅仅是其中一个比较严重的事件。
The late Cretaceous extinction of the dinosaurs and ammonoids was just one of the more drastic in a whole series of such recurrent extinction episodes.
在最后一层白垩纪岩石和第一层新生代岩石之间，常常有一层薄薄的粘土。
Between the last layer of Cretaceous rock and the first layer of Cenozoic rock, there is often a thin layer of clay.
白垩纪以前的气候变化导致了海平面的剧烈波动，引发了恐龙的灭绝。
Changes in climate before the Cretaceous period caused severe fluctuation in sea level, resulting in the extinction of the dinosaurs.
虽然在地质记录中有十几次甚至更多的大灭绝，但白垩纪的大灭绝总是引起古生物学家的兴趣，因为它标志着恐龙时代的结束。
While there are a dozen or more mass extinctions in the geological record, the Cretaceous mass extinction has always intrigued paleontologists because it marks the end of the age of the dinosaurs.
来自不同来源的数据，包括保存在海底沉积物中的地球化学证据，都表明晚白垩世的气候非常温和。
Data from diverse sources, including geochemical evidence preserved in seafloor sediments, indicate that the Late Cretaceous climate was very mild.
来自不同来源的数据，包括存留在海底沉积物中的地球化学依据，表明晚白垩纪的气候比如今的要温和。
Data from diverse sources, including geochemical evidence preserved in seafloor sediments, indicate that the Late Cretaceous climate was milder than today's.
地质记录中的其他几次大规模物种灭绝也被认为影响重大，但没有哪一次像白垩纪大灭绝那样夸张。
Several other mass extinctions in the geological record have been tentatively identified with large impacts, but none is so dramatic as the Cretaceous event.
Parpal dumplin首次发现于一个叫做克罗默浅滩白垩质河床的地方，它的发现是一个叫做“海洋研究”项目的一部分。
Parpal dumplin was first discovered in a place called the Cromer Shoal Chalk Beds as part of a project called Seasearch.
覆盖白垩表的颗石藻将水面染成乳白色或者浅蓝色。
The chalky scales that cover coccolithophores color the water milky white or bright blue.
海底的沙子比白垩更白
其中一个是在巴西发现的白垩纪（约1亿年前）的一根羽毛。
One was an isolated feather dating from the Cretaceous period (about 100m years ago) that was found in Brazil.
但是很不幸的是，这段迅速的进化过程发生于中白垩纪的一千五百万年间，而这段时期的鲜有化石记录。
"But there were a hundred million years of evolution to play with."
它所能捕食的猎物包括昆虫、小型哺乳动物、两栖动物以及可能生活在沼泽和森林后白垩纪的小型恐龙。
Among its prey would have been insects, small mammals, amphibians and possibly small dinosaurs that lived in the swamps and forests of the late Cretaceous.
他说：“化石记录一再证实现代胎盘类哺乳动物的起源是在白垩纪-早第三纪分界点的时候或那之后。
“The fossil record continues to show that the origin of modern placental mammals postdates or is at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, ” he said.
在犹他州和阿拉斯加州还发现了另一种鸟的“足迹”化石，但都无法追溯到白垩纪早期——恐龙时代的鼎盛时期。
Other bird "trace" fossils have been found in Utah and Alaska, but none from so far back as the early Cretaceous -- at the height of the age of dinosaurs.
更难的是，虽然我正获取的是合适分量的卡路里，却很难让我自己相信这种我刚喝下去的白垩色物质就是我的正餐了。
What's more, although I was getting an adequate amount of calories, it was hard to convince myself that the chalky substance I just drank was dinner.
液化二氧化碳将会在岩石中贮存很长的时间，与铁、钙以及海水产生化学反应产生白垩(即术语所说的碳酸盐)。
It would become trapped inside for a long period of time, reacting with iron, calcium, and sea water in the rocks to make chalk (known more technically as carbonates).
但其他一些被生态学家提名的地标类地点却得到允许，包括怀特岛周围的白垩和康沃尔的岩石群。
But other landmark places proposed by ecologists were chosen, including the Needles off the Isle of Wight and the Manacles rocks off Cornwall.
点缀着山毛榉树的白垩悬崖形成了德国鲁根岛激动人心的海岸线。
White-chalk cliffs studded with beech trees form the dramatic coastline of Rugen Island, Germany.
曾经称霸地球显赫一时的恐龙，在白垩纪时代的这次温度巨变中，似乎全都灭绝了。
The temperature drop during the Cretaceous period would almost certainly have wiped out an 'abundance' of the world's dinosaurs.
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