它是由“自身电离”这一过程形成的。
为了使三联体结合 Mg2+，必须电离药效团生物等位体。
For the triad to bind the Mg2+, a pharmacophore bioisostere has to be ionized.
耐辐射奇球菌作为DNA损伤和修复的典范生物，是对电离辐射最有抵抗力的细菌。
Deinococcus radiodurans, as a model organism in DNA damage and repair, is the most resistant bacterium to ionizing radiation.
人们是如何暴露在电离辐射下的？
经常你们会被问到关于电离能。
So, oftentimes you'll just be asked about ionization energy.
对，好，我们再找最低的电离能。
它炫目的色彩归功于电离氢。
那么让我们来比较一下它们的电离能。
例如，我能观察锂的电离。
我们可以计算这的电离能。
电离能，我们知道也就是,负的结合能。
The ionization energy, of course, is just the negative of the binding energy.
让我们来看一下电离能最低在中间的情况。
Let's take a look at the lowest ionization energy in the center case.
红色部分来自电离氢。
我们绝不会见到一个,电离能是负值的情况。
We will never have a case where ionization energy is negative.
因此，我们把电离能，最低的原子放在中间。
So, we keep the atoms with the lowest ionization energy in the center.
我们能够计算电离能。
因此，按照电离能，我们应该把硫放在中间。
So, in terms of ionization energy, we would expect to see sulfur in the middle.
人类每天都暴露在电离辐射下。
Human beings are exposed to natural radiation on a daily basis.
为了达到最大效率，表面活性剂必须高度电离。
For maximum effectiveness, the surfactant heads should be highly ionized.
我们知道结合能，总是负的，电离能总是正的。
We know that binding energy is always negative, ionization energy is always positive.
什么是电离辐射？
最顶层的是超热日冕，由日冕环和电离气体流组成。
At the top is the super-hot corona, which is made of structures such as loops and streams of ionized gas.
我们的电离能将等于，入射能量，减去电子的动能。
Our ionization energy is going to be equal to the incident energy coming in, minus the kinetic energy of the electron.
他很聪明，他的有独创性的关于电离气的论文被赞扬。
He was brilliant, acclaimed for an ingenious thesis on ionized gases.
人们可能会因为核事故释放的小剂量电离辐射而致癌。
People can get cancer from low doses of ionizing radiation, the kind released in a nuclear accident.
当我们沿着列向下走的时候，会发现电离能是在降低的。
As we go down a column, what happens is that the ionization energy decreases.
那么，从电离能的角度考虑，大家会把哪个原子放在中间？
So, thinking about ionization energy, which atom would you put in the middle here?
这是二级电离能，这就是说，电子数第二多的电离能。
That is to say the ionization energy of the second most electron.
总之，当我们沿着列往下走的时候，我们会看到电离能在降低。
So, as we go down a column, we see ionization energy's going to decrease.
我们预期电离能会降低，这就意味着硫的电离能最低。
We would expect the ionization energy to decrease, that means that sulfur has our lowest ionization energy.
应用推荐