改水降氟工程的管理仍存在隐患。
There were still hidden troubles in the management of the water improvement project.
已改水的14个工程均正常使用。
Have already changed 14 engineerings of water, use all and normally.
结论揭阳市改水降氟虽取得成效，但仍不理想。
CONCLUSIONS Though effect of the improving water project was certainly obvious in Jieyang City, but still not ideal.
目的了解临沂市改水效果及水源的卫生防护状况。
Objective To explore the effect of water improvement and the sanitary protection of water sources in Linyi City.
结果与改水前比较，水源的卫生防护状况有很大改善；
Results The sanitary protection of water sources was greatly strengthened after the water improvement project.
高碘高氟是引起发病的原因，防治的根本措施是改水。
High iodine and fluorine is the main cause of morbidity, To improve the quality of water is a fundamental preventive method.
目的了解山东省氟中毒病区水氟分布和改水降氟工程现状。
Objective To investigate the distribution of water fluoride and the present status of water-improving defluoridation projects in the endemic fluorosis areas in Shandong Province.
目的了解地方性氟中毒病区改水降氟对中、小学生龋患影响。
Objective To understand the effect of water improvement in endemic fluorosis area on caries in school boys and girls.
目的了解河南省降氟改水打井工程水氟含量和工程使用情况。
Objective To understand water fluoride concentration and application of the fluoride lowering well digging projects in Henan Province.
目的 了解改水降氟18年后氟骨症患者机体的功能代谢状况。
Objective To analyze the functional metabolism changes of drinking-skeletal fluorosis patients after water improvement for 18 years.
今后改水降氟措施的主要方向应推广改用低氟水源，加强管理；
Using lower fluoride water source is the recommended method for water defluoridation and the management should be strengthened.
目的探索以机代牛、改水改厕综合治理控制血吸虫病传播的效果。
Objective To learn the effect of the comprehensive measures of replacing cattle with machine and reconstructing water supply and lavatory to control the transmission of schistosomiasis.
科学控制入畦(沟)流量、水头、灌水定额、改水成数等灌水要素。
Scientifically control the irrigation factors affecting water volume into the strips (furrows), water intake and irrigation quotas, and the proportion of water volume changes.
儿童氟斑牙患病率和儿童尿氟含量均随改水年限的延长呈下降趋势。
Children's dental fluorosis rates and children's urine fluorine content linearly with improvement of water of the length of extended to drop.
改水一年组与未改水组无明显差异，未改水组明显高于非病区对照组。
The levels of GSH and GSH Px showed no significant difference between one year group of improved water and the positive control group.
地方性氟病等是由于饮用含氟水引起的，改水降氟是控制地氟病的有效方法。
Improving the water quality by reducing its fluorine content would be an effective method to control diseases caused by fluorine.
另外公司还经营：洗衣机维修，冰箱冰柜维修，改水改电和水暖气管道的整改。
Moreover the company still conducts a washer to maintain, electric wire electric circuit and water warm air piping of whole change.
目的观察改水后地方性氟中毒、氟砷联合中毒患者无机元素和胶原代谢的改变。
Objective In order to observe the changes of mineral elements and collagen metabolism products of patients with endemic fluorosis and combined fluoride-arsenic poisoning.
结论改水、改厕、以机代牛综合措施能有效控制血吸虫病和肠道寄生虫病流行。
Conclusion The comprehensive measures of safe treatment of night-soil and water supply, replacement of bovine with machine can control the prevalence of schistosomiasis and parasitosis effectively.
方法采用流行病学方法调查分析改水后氟病区居民饮水现状和儿童氟斑牙患病情况。
METHODS The present conditions of using water in fluorosis areas and dental fluorosis of children prevalence have been carried out by epidemiological methods.
结论宿州市城镇集中式供水面临的主要问题是改水降氟、饮水消毒和水源卫生防护。
Conclusions the main problem of centralized water supply management in Suzhou City was to decrease fluoride, decontaminate drinking water and protect the water source.
目的了解揭阳市饮水型氟病区改水现状，为今后制定地氟病防治策略提供科学依据。
OBJECTIVE To understand the current condition of the drinking water type fluorosis areas in Jieyang City, and provide scientific basis for making measures in future.
方法对临沂市改水前后水源的卫生防护状况进行了调查，并对自来水水质进行了监测。
Methods Surverys were made on the sanitary protection of water sources after the water improvement project in Linyi City and meanwhile the quality of tap water was monitored.
结论：改水降氟区儿童使用含氟牙膏增加了儿童的摄氟量，会引起儿童氟斑牙患病率的增加。
Conclusion: The using of fluoridated toothpaste increased the fluoride intake in the children in defluoridated areas, which caused the increasing of prevalence of dental fluorosis.
结论在饮水型地方性高碘甲状腺肿病区，采用改水降碘的办法能有效地控制高碘甲状腺肿的流行。
Conclusions the method of improving water to reduce iodine can effectively prevent and control the prevalence of endemic goiter in iodide goiter area of drinking water type.
还有5.4%的工程在向病区居民供高氟水，全省仅有29.8%的改水降氟工程保持正常供水。
Additionally, 5.4% projects offered water containing excessive fluorine. In the whole province, only 29.8% water-improving projects worked normally.
目的了解深圳市城乡结合部生活饮用水水质卫生状况，为城乡结合地区饮用水工程及改水效果评价提供理论依据。
Aim To understand the status of drinking water quality in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City and provide scientific basis for improvine the drinking water quality in urban an suburban areas.
本文从构造、地貌、水文地质和水环境、岩矿地球化学等方面特征，论证了高砷水分布区的成因，从而为改水提供了基础。
Based on the characters of structure, land form, hydrogeology, water environment, rock and mineral geochemistry, and so on, this paper has studied the origin of the distribution of high-arsenic water.
血清肌酸磷酸激酶（CPK）活性均值病区组非常明显地高于改水病区组（P<0.01）和非病区组（P<0.01）。
In the non-defluoride group the mean of activity of urine creatine phosphokinase(CPK) was much higher than that in defluoride group ( P< 0.01) and non - epidemic area group (P<0.01) .
血清肌酸磷酸激酶（CPK）活性均值病区组非常明显地高于改水病区组（P<0.01）和非病区组（P<0.01）。
In the non-defluoride group the mean of activity of urine creatine phosphokinase(CPK) was much higher than that in defluoride group ( P< 0.01) and non - epidemic area group (P<0.01) .
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