在操作层面，从直接复制、系统复制与临床复制三方面论述了提高单一被试实验效度的可能性与可操作性。
In the manipulation, the probability and feasibility of improving the validity of single subject research are discussed by direction replication, systematic and clinical replication.
在实践中进行了两次教学实验，同时进行了大样本的问卷调查，检验其效度。
Two teaching experiments were conducted and a big-sample questionnaire was carried out to test its efficiency.
IAT也可以用来测量广告中性别刻板印象的内隐效应，但当实验材料为图片时，这种工具的效度受到影响。
IAT also can be used to measure the implicit effect of gender stereotype in advertisements, but its validity weaken when choosing pictures as the experimental materials.
本文从理论与操作两个层面叙述了单一被试实验的效度问题。
The paper discusses the problems on the validity of single subject research from theory and manipulation.
单一被试实验是特殊儿童心理与教育研究中的一种常用方法，但其外部效度往往受到质疑。
The single subject research is one of the useful methods in the research of special children's psychology and education, but its external validity often receives challenges.
内部效度：一个实验结果归咎于实验处理，而非归咎于无关的混淆的变量的程度。
Internal validity: the degree to which the results of a study can be attributed to the treatment rather than extraneous or confounding variables.
先导测验主要用于检测实验工具的效度和信度。
The former was conducted to measure the validity and the reliability of the instruments.
先导测验主要用于检测实验工具的效度和信度。
The former was conducted to measure the validity and the reliability of the instruments.
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