如果脑子比较小的古猿不是工具制造者，那他们直立行走的进化优势是什么？
If the small-brained australopithecines were not toolmakers, what evolutionary advantage did they gain by walking upright?
属于原始人类南方古猿。
本周，南方古猿人的骨骼在约翰尼斯堡金山大学公布于众。
This week, bones from Australopithecus Sediba are unveiled at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg.
一个新的物种，湖畔南方古猿 ，被评为1995年。
A new species, Australopithecus anamensis , was named in 1995.
但是这个南方古猿谱系的特性，以及早期人属的特征都是未知的。
But the identity of that lineage, and the characteristics of early Homo, are unknown.
南方古猿人、克罗·马尼翁人、尼安得特尔人是三种灭绝物种的名字。
Australopithecus, Cro-Magnon, Neanderthal are to name but three extinct species.
南方古猿是似类人猿动物，它们能像人一样直立行走，但仍然没有离开树木。
Australopithecenes were apelike creatures that walked upright, like people, but had still not forsaken the trees.
南方古猿是早期原始人类的一部分，被认为是祖先人种，现代人就由此而来。
Australopithecus was a group of early hominids that is reckoned to be the ancestral genus of Homo, to which modern man belongs.
研究人员称该化石是兼具古猿类和现代人类双重特点“令人惊讶的综合体”。
They described the remains as "a surprising Mosaic" of primitive and modern features.
这些特征让该团队有足够的理由认为，它就是最有可能进化为人类的南方古猿物种。
These traits are enough for the team to propose it as the australopith species most likely to have given rise to Homo.
运用扫描电子显微镜，对4枚禄丰古猿牙齿（恒齿）的釉质结构进行了观察研究。
The enamel microstructure of 4 permanent teeth of Lufengpithecus lufengensis was observed with SEM.
源泉种的大脑像猩猩一样，为420立方厘米——对南方古猿来说，这不算什么稀罕。
Its size is a chimplike 420 cubic centimeters—not at all unusual for something called Australopithecus.
在坦桑尼亚Laetoli所发现的神秘的足印说明古猿在370万年前可能具有足弓结构。
Mysterious footprints left at Laetoli in Tanzania show that a hominin of this time, 3.7 million years ago, did indeed have arches in its feet.
在地域和时间看，南方古猿惊奇种极有可能是人类的直接祖先，然而，这也并不是最后的定论。
Garhi was certainly in the right place and time to be the immediate ancestor to Homo. Whether it is, however, remains to be seen.
人类的起源有两种理论，一种认为人类是由上帝创造的，另一种则是进化论阐述的古猿进化而来。
The origin of mankind, there are two theories, a view that human beings are created by God, and the other is the theory of evolution elaborated in Australopithecus evolved.
1991年，考古工作者在郧县曲远河畔发掘的两个完整的南方古猿头骨化石，定名为“郧县人”。
In 1991, two completed head fossils of southern ancient apes, named "Yun county people", had been found in Quyuan river band in Yun county.
作为南方古猿的一个属，sediba要比尚未命名的西伯利亚的发现更不像人。西伯利亚的发现属于人属。
As a member of the genus Australopithecus, sediba is less manlike than the as-yet-unnamed Siberian discovery, which was a member of the genus Homo.
这表明产生人类的神经系统变化可能早于南方古猿大脑的扩张——大脑扩张至今仍被认为是人类出现的重要因素。
That suggests the neurological changes which gave rise to humanity may have predated the brain's expansion-an event that had, hitherto, been regarded as crucial to the emergence of humans.
在桑吉兰直立人化石发现悠久历史的早期，一对硕大的下颌看上去与南非的南方古猿相类似——他们被称作巨人。
Erectus discoveries, a couple of massive jaws seemed similar to those of South African australopiths — they were coined ' Meganthropus '.
斯特雷特还说，根据牙齿和颚的大小提出的关于南方古猿日常饮食以及它们为什么灭绝的过分简单的想法需要重新评估。
And that, says Strait, suggests that simplistic ideas about australopithecine diets, based on tooth and jaw size, and why they went extinct, need to be reevaluated.
目前，迄今为止发现的与人类最为相似的南方古猿正逐渐解开这团迷雾——它阐明了早期人类是由哪个物种演化而来的。
Now the most human-like australopithecine found to date is clarifying things-and staking a claim to be the species from which early humans evolved.
所有这些都让南方古猿sediba比其它灵长类更象现代人——甚至比至今被认为是最早人类之一的“能人”还象现代人。
All of which makes sediba more similar to modern humans than are other australopithecines—and more similar, even, than Homo habilis, until now seen as one of the earliest humans.
露西是我们早期的亲戚，一只生活在大约300万年前的超小型的古猿， 她的骨头可以让我们看到分层式的生活方式的证据。
You can see evidence of this split-level lifestyle in the bones of one of our early relatives: Lucy, the pint-sized Australopithecus who lived about 3 million years ago.
李·伯格尔博士推断南方古猿sediba可能直接进化成了直立人，这使“能人”成为进化的旁支，甚至不是人属的一部分。
Dr Berger posits that sediba may have evolved directly into Homo erectus, leaving habilis as an evolutionary sideline, and not even part of the genus Homo.
这个骨头也说明南方古猿已经抛弃了猿所具有的用于攀爬树枝的柔韧的足中段结构，由于足弓结构的出现，直立行走变得更有效率。
The bone also shows that A. afarensis had abandoned the flexible midfoot that apes use to grasp tree branches, in favor of an arch that makes upright walking more efficient.
那时，人类祖先的第一个头盖骨在非洲出土：生在约300万至200万年前的小孩汤恩，现在公认为是一名南方古猿非洲种成员。
That's when the first skull of a human ancestor was unearthed in Africa: the Taung child, now recognized as a member of Australopithecus africanus, which lived about 3 million to 2 million years ago.
斯特雷特认为，虽然南方古猿非洲种吃多种多样相差很大的食物，但在成熟的水果和它所偏好的其它动植物短缺的旱季就可能依赖坚果。
Strait thinks that A. africanus ate a wide variety of foods but could rely on nuts in dry seasons when the ripe fruit and other plants and animals it preferred were scarce.
从4月报道获悉，在一个南非洞穴中发现了190万年前的的骨骼，南方古猿sediba让我们依稀窥见到我们人类进化的朦胧历史。
Reported in April and known from two 1.9-million-year-old skeletons discovered in a South African cave, Australopithecus sediba offers a glimpse of a hazy time in our lineage's evolution.
从4月报道获悉，在一个南非洞穴中发现了190万年前的的骨骼，南方古猿sediba让我们依稀窥见到我们人类进化的朦胧历史。
Reported in April and known from two 1.9-million-year-old skeletons discovered in a South African cave, Australopithecus sediba offers a glimpse of a hazy time in our lineage's evolution.
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