无处不在的化学反应是化学进化的基础。
生命起源开始于从化学进化进入生物进化。
The origin of life is thought to start at the transit from chemical evolution into biological evolution.
地球上生命的化学进化与非生物部分的早期演化过程，是密切地相互关联、相互作用并相互制约的。
The chemical evolution of life and the early evolution of the earth's lifeless components constituted a set of interrelated, interactive and restricted processes.
如果我们能够得到可以进化的自蔓延化学体系，那么是的，我称其为生命。
If we can get a self-propagating chemical system that can evolve, yeah, I'd call that life.
在进化学说中有一个信条，那就是生物基因的微小改变将会传递给后代。
A central tenet of evolution is that small changes in an organism's genome can be passed on to subsequent generations.
到底是进化还是物理和化学作用的结果？
Is it just evolution or are there physical and chemical forces at work?
一旦被（化学）分散，随后浮油就更容易被进化到以碳氢化合物等天然污染源为食的细菌降解。
Once dispersed , the oil can then be broken down more easily by bacteria that have evolved to live off natural sources of hydrocarbons.
从进化学的角度讲，这意味着新生的神经元很可能会帮助你记住那只差点吃掉你的狮子。
In evolutionary terms, it means new neurons are likely helping you to remember the lion that nearly killed you.
根据BMC生物进化学期刊上最近的一项研究，长臂猿的叫声，类似于人类的口音，也是有地域区别的。
It turns out that some of those songs might have distinctive characteristics similar to accents, according to a recent study in the journal BMC Evolutionary Biology.
从进化学角度来看，这种相关性可能是说得通的。
“这是首例有能力进行达尔文式进化的人造化学体系，”研究领导者史蒂文·伯纳(StevenBenner)说。
"This is the first example of an artificial chemical system capable of Darwinian evolution," says Steven Benner, the research leader.
“这是首例有能力进行达尔文式进化的人造化学体系，”研究领导者史蒂文·伯纳(StevenBenner)说。
“This is the first example of an artificial chemical system capable of Darwinian evolution, ” says Steven Benner, the research leader.
帕博（Paabo）教授是著名的莱比锡马克思普朗克人类进化学研究院遗传学主任，他在纽约冷泉港实验室（ColdSprings Laboratory）的一次会议上提出了这一观点。
Professor Paabo, who is director of genetics at the renowned Max Planck Institution for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, made the claim at a conference in the Cold Springs Laboratory in New York.
“这是真实的科学研究，而不是在讨论电影《阿凡达》，”生物进化学者Richard O.Prum和他的研究小组在耶鲁大学发布这一消息时说道。
“This is actual science, not ‘Avatar, ’ ” said Richard O. Prum, an evolutionary biologist at Yale and co-author of the new study, published in Science.
她现在从事的事情: 这些天，威尔斯曼在进行她的生物化学博士的研究项目，研究酶的进化——就是不同的蛋白质如何获得不同反应的特异性，这是第五年了。
evolution—that is, how different proteins achieve specificity for different reactions.
目前，研究者必须给它喂食化学物质，让它维持，但他希望，两年内，这个人造化学体系不仅能进化，还能自我维持，成为一种原始的合成生命形态。
At present, students have to feed it chemicals to keep going but he hopes it will be both evolving and self-sustaining within a couple of years - a primitive form of synthetic life.
目前，研究者必须给它喂食化学物质，让它维持，但他希望，两年内，这个人造化学体系不仅能进化，还能自我维持，成为一种原始的合成生命形态。
At present, students have to feed it chemicals to keep going but he hopes it will be both evolving and self-sustaining within a couple of years -a primitive form of synthetic life.
美国亚利桑那州立大学人类进化与社会变化学院的研究人员访问了101位女性，以及她们的812位好友和亲朋。
Researchers from Arizona State University's School of Human Evolution and Social Change in the US, interviewed 101 women alongside 812 of their closest friends and relatives.
根据人类进化学家，人类早期时候的婴儿生出来是有二分之一的可能性是倒着的。
According to evolutionary anthropologists, babies of the earliest humans had a fifty-fifty chance of coming out facing backwards.
“这个行星甚至可能产生足够丰富而复杂的化学反应，允许生命的进化。”多库恰耶夫说。
"This planet might even support a complex chemistry rich enough to allow life to evolve", says Dokuchaev.
使瓶装水远离热源，过热会促进化学品浸出。
Keep bottled water away from heat, which promotes leaching of chemicals.
该团队认为，不必把氮氧化物清除掉，而是利用它作为催化剂，促进化学反应的进程。
Instead of getting rid of the NOx the team believe they can use it as a catalyst to help power the reaction.
生物化学家詹姆斯·洛夫·洛克就这种相拥状况写道：“物种的进化与其所处环境的演变密不可分。”
Biochemist James Lovelock writes of this embrace, "the evolution of a species is inseparable from the evolution of its environment."
幸运的是，生物进化赋予哺乳动物通过嗅觉对MHC进行分辨的能力，因为MHC的不同导致了化学物质浓度的差异，而这时可以被嗅觉探测到的。
Fortunately, then, evolution has equipped mammals with the ability to detect by smell chemicals whose concentrations vary with differences in the MHC of the producer.
此书包括许多引人入胜的物理，化学和进化过程的细节描述。
His book contains a lot of fascinating detail about the different physical, chemical and evolutionary processes at work.
正如在生理特质上的进化学此消彼长一样，希尔斯说，在智力上也有此消彼长。
Just as there are evolutionary tradeoffs for physical traits, Hills says, there are tradeoffs for intelligence.
研究人员得出一下结论，细菌是有味觉的——生物学上的定义即为对于来自于远距离的挥发性化学物质的探测能力——他们并假设味觉是首先在细菌中进化产生的。
The researchers concluded that bacteria are capable of olfaction—the biological detection of volatile chemicals across a distance—and hypothesize that this sense may have first evolved in bacteria.
研究人员得出一下结论，细菌是有味觉的——生物学上的定义即为对于来自于远距离的挥发性化学物质的探测能力——他们并假设味觉是首先在细菌中进化产生的。
The researchers concluded that bacteria are capable of olfaction—the biological detection of volatile chemicals across a distance—and hypothesize that this sense may have first evolved in bacteria.
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