很多动物进化出了明确表述玩耍的信号。
Many species have evolved clear signals to delineate playfulness.
一些学者认为人类和猿的分化出现在一千五百万到两千万年前。
The split between humans and living apes is thought by some scholars to have occurred 15 to 20 million years ago.
这一变化出现的一个原因是人们越来越重视对人类的历史研究。
One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man.
和动物一样，人类进化出了一套复杂的机制，来处理有关潜在威胁的信息。
Like animals, humans evolved with an elaborate mechanism for processing information about potential threats.
欧洲书籍最大的变化出现在1439年，当年约翰内斯·古腾堡发明了印刷机。
The biggest change for books in Europe came in 1439, when Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press.
这些条件有助于进化出用于支撑枝干的结构、运输水分和养分到植物各部分的导管以及储存水分的结构。
These conditions favored the evolution of the structures that support the body, vessels that transport water and nutrients to all parts of plant, and structures that conserve water.
它们进化出了一种特殊的“加热器”，由经过改造的肌肉组织构成，可以温暖眼睛和大脑，使这些关键器官保持最佳状态。
They have evolved special "heaters" of modified muscle tissue that warm the eyes and brain, maintaining peak performance of these critical organs.
我们进化出了大量出汗的能力，并且失去了大部分的皮毛。
We evolved the ability to sweat plentifully, and lost most of our fur.
研究人员发现毒液甚至在蛇出现之前就已经进化出来了，大约在一亿年前。
The researchers found that venom evolved before snakes even existed, about a hundred million years before.
她可能是在成年蛾刚从蛹中孵化出来时观察到的。
She may have observed the adult moth just as it emerged from its pupa.
即使鳄鱼成功地从卵中孵化出来，问题也不会结束。
The problems do not end if crocodiles successfully hatch from the eggs.
那么，为什么动物会进化出一种似乎会危及它们自身的特性呢？
So why would animals evolve a characteristic that seems to endanger them?
“大脑需要具备一定的复杂性和容量，才能进化出意识。”他补充说。
"For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold level of complexity and capacity is required," he added.
一种完全无毒的蛇家族，王蛇，也进化出了能中和响尾蛇毒液的血清。
One family of completely harmless snakes, the kingsnake, has also evolved serum that neutralizes rattlesnake venom.
直到大约1000万年后，鲸类才进化出专门的肾脏，使它们能够饮用盐水。
Not until about ten million years later did species of whales develop specialized kidneys enabling them to drink salt water.
生活在沙漠中的大型动物已经进化出许多适应能力，以减少极端高温的影响。
Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat.
麻斑海豹进化出的母性策略可能与它们的小体型和哺乳时消耗掉的大部分脂肪有关。
The maternal strategy evolved by harbor seals may have to do with their small size and the large proportion of their fat stores depleted in lactation.
古老的淡水绿藻一定进化出了一些特性，这些特性使得它们能够熬过极端的温度和干旱期。
Ancient fresh water green algae must have evolved features that enable them to withstand extremes of temperature and periods of dryness.
根据化石记录，我们可以更准确地判断出：人类可能在大约150万年前进化出了裸露的皮肤。
We can make a very good estimate from the fossil record that humans probably evolved naked skin around a million and a half years ago.
简而言之，我们的大脑进化出了让我们体验同情的回路，这反过来又使文明和基于同情的伦理成为可能。
In short, our brain evolved circuits to allow us to experience sympathy, which in turn made civilization, and ethics based on sympathy, possible.
莱斯特大学教授戴维·哈珀表示：“火烈鸟的腿上已经进化出了非常坚韧的皮肤，这样它们就可以忍受盐水。”
"Flamingos have evolved very leathery skin on their legs so they can tolerate the salt water," says David Harper, a professor at the University of Leicester.
这同样反映出流行文化出现转型。
我认为这是进化出来的本能。
所有的恐龙都是从蛋里面孵化出来的？
很快，一只小恐龙将从里面孵化出来。
最引人注目的变化出现在结构设计方面。
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