他们正在修饰基因以增强作物抗旱和吸收氮的能力。
Their genes are being tweaked to increase the plants' drought-resistance and improve their absorption of nitrogen.
抗性的表达可能受到一些修饰基因的影响，或者在同一基因位点上存在抗性程度不同的复等位基因。
Resistance expression might be affected by some modifier genes, or there might be multiple alleles with different level of resistance on the same locus.
法兰特说：“我正在尝试三种育种方法，常规方法、基因修饰和基因编辑。”
"I'm trying three methods of breeding," Farrant says, "conventional, genetic modification and gene editing."
但RNA编辑又来捣乱了：向导RNA和酶作用于信使RNA的修饰过程，这就使仅仅从基因序列来推断最终的蛋白序列成为不可能。
Then along came RNA editing, in which guide RNAs or enzyme action modify some messenger RNAs such that the final protein sequence cannot be deduced from the gene sequence alone.
这是因为一旦知道药效基因，药物化学家就可以修饰它，在保持药效的基础上减少毒性。
This is because once a pharmacophore is known, medicinal chemists can modify it to reduce toxicity while maintaining (or enhancing) potency.
这样的复制成本在几千美元，而同样的基因修饰以前要花费数百万。
This can replicate at a cost of thousands of dollars the sort of genetic modifications that have previously cost millions.
人们希望不同过基因修饰就解决葡萄致病的问题，因为这种方法可能会引来消费者抵抗。
Many people, though, hope that the problems of disease in grapevines may be solved without the sort of genetic modification that risks provoking consumer boycotts.
一种新的微生物基因修饰可以生产价格可以与乙醇竞争的生物燃料丁醇。
A new microbe engineering trick could potentially make butanol, a promising biofuel, so cheaply that it could compete with ethanol.
基因修饰的大肠杆菌把糖转化为丁醇的能力比其他微生物快10倍。
Engineered E. coli convert sugar to butanol 10 times faster than other microbes.
新的农业技术，如基因修饰就不能排除在外，因为基因修饰意味着更高的产出——或者很可能带来更高的产出。
New farming techniques, such as genetic modification, that mean higher yields—possibly much higher yields—cannot be ruled out.
当细胞复制时，外来基因被吸收，相关基因被非配对短序列修饰。
As a cell replicates, the foreign DNA is absorbed and the genes in question are modified by the non-matching short sequences.
“基因包”里包含有经修饰过的基因，并且能够让生物体重复利用氧化荧光素，这种次级代谢产物还可以用于二次发光。
The package includes genetic modifications to enable organisms to recycle oxyluciferin, the by-product of the reaction that produces light.
一个叫做表观修饰(表观遗传学)的过程——它关闭了那些对环境刺激起反应的基因——可能使得他们起作用的基因组和实际的基因组不一致。
A process called epigenesis, which shuts down genes in response to environmental prompts, may make their effective genomes different from their actual ones.
他们修饰了十几个基因，可以逆转beta氧化途径，让这种大肠杆菌可以生产脂肪酸。
They modified about a dozen genes in E. coli to reverse this beta-oxidation pathway so that the microbes build fatty acids.
基因合成仪：Codexis公司的研究人员通过高通量液体工作站获得基因变异体——这是修饰酶的步骤之一。
Gene machine: a Codexis researcher operates a high-volume liquid-handling system used to make gene variants — part of a process for engineering new enzymes.
这些研究结果显示基因修饰是进一步增加蔬菜和水果的健康促进价值的可能途径。
The results of this research show that genetic modification is a possible approach to further increase the health promoting value of vegetables and fruit.
组蛋白是染色质的核心，其尾部共价修饰在基因表达调控中有重要作用。
Histone is the core of chromatin, and covalent modification of histone tails have fundamental roles in regulation of gene expression.
癌细胞正是利用这一过程来发挥作用，即通过甲基化作用修饰细胞DNA，从而将一些基因打入“冷宫”或关闭基因的表达。
Cancer cells exploit this process, putting some genes in "cold storage" or "turned off" by modifying the cell DNA in a process known as methylation.
DNA的低甲基化可能在异常组蛋白修饰的协同下引起某些T细胞基因的异常活化，导致狼疮自身免疫的发生。
DNA hypomethylation, likely to be cooperating with aberrant histone modification, may induce the activation of some t cell genes and development of autoimmunity in SLE.
当研究人员试验用FIV感染基因修饰小猫的血细胞时，病毒不能够正常复制。
When the researchers tried to infect blood cells from the genetically modified kittens with FIV, the virus didn't replicate well.
当甲基加到组蛋白后，这些基团会修饰它的性质并改变它上面特定基因的表达频率。
When methyl groups are added to a histone, they modify its properties and alter the frequency at which a particular gene is expressed.
另外，基因修饰小鼠的构建也让我们能够在神经细胞的信号传导中定位单个基因以及在机体的行为中定位这两者。
In addition, the ability to develop genetically modified mice has allowed us to relate single genes to signaling in nerve cells and to relate both of these to an organism's behavior.
在染色体中，SATB1还在靶基因位置上通过复活组蛋白修饰酶普遍的调节组蛋白的状态。
SATB1 also globally regulates histone status in the chromatin by recruiting histone-modifying enzymes to the target-gene loci.
由于研究者不能以基因手段修饰人的基因，他们所需的化学物达到修饰该基因的目的。
Since the researchers could not genetically modify humans, they needed a chemical to do it for them.
其他的工作集中在组蛋白乙酰化，这种化学修饰可以使DNA从组蛋白缠绕中解离出来，产生基因活性。
Other work has focused on histone acetylation, a chemical modification that unwinds DNA from protein spools called histones, thereby enabling gene activity.
研究人员然后用经过基因修饰出现了阿尔茨海默病症状的果蝇测试了这种提取物。
Researchers then tested the extracts in fruit flies that were genetically changed to develop symptoms of Alzheimer's.
在此研究中，纽约大学医学院的科研人员将无毒的基因修饰病毒注入帕金森病人的脑内。
For the study scientists at the New York University School of Medicine injected the brains of Parkinson's patients with a harmless virus which was genetically modified.
普遍认为基因修饰的应用，在本质上并没有提高或降低与有机体相关的危害。
It is generally agreed that the application of genetic modification does not inherently increase or decrease the risk associated with an organism.
目的对部分转基因作物和其亲本中的抗营养素含量进行了测定，初步探讨基因修饰对转基因农作物食用安全性的影响。
Objective In order to assess the safety of genetically modified crops, the anti-nutrients were determined in these novel crops and compared with their parental lines.
表观遗传修饰在基因表达和克隆胚的早期发育方面有重要作用。
Epigenetic modifications plays an important role in gene expression and the early development of cloned embryo.
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