的确，产业集群效应可能消失——匹兹堡的钢铁就是很好一例。
It's true that clusters of industry can fade away-think of what happened to Pittsburgh steel.
因此，在明确人力资本对产业集群的效应之前，需要确定产业集群中不同类型个体的人力资本存量。
So, different person's stock of human capital should be calculated firstly before realizing the effect of human capital for industrial cluster.
运用文献资料、逻辑分析和比较研究等方法，总结出产业集群的定义、效应和特征。
Using literature review, logic analysis and comparison research, the author summarized the definition, effects and features of industrial cluster.
首先，本文回顾了产业集群外部经济效应理论，为后续的比较研究和分析提供理论基础。
First of all, this paper reviews the industrial cluster external economy effect theory; offer the theoretical foundation for subsequent comparative study and analysis.
并通过分析发现生产成本、运输成本、集聚效应以及异质产品之间的替代系数是汽车产业集群形成的决定因素。
Studies reveal that manufacturing cost, transportation cost, accumulative effect and heterogeneous product are determining factors for automobile industrial cluster.
高新技术产业集群四种内在功能效应的实现需要通过内在自主性与外部政策拉动相结合。
The realization of the internal function in Hi-Tech Industrial Cluster needs its internal independence and the pull of the external policy to combine together.
自1997年开发建设以来，余姚模具城集聚效应不断凸显，现已形成一个规模大、档次高的产业集群。
Development and construction since 1997, the combined effect of Yuyao Mould City continue to highlight now form a large scale, high-grade industrial clusters.
通过近几年的名牌培育质量提升工程，永嘉阀门产业集群优势日益明显，并已发挥出较强的产业集聚效应。
In recent years, the brand name through quality training to enhance engineering, Yongjia valve increasingly obvious advantages of industrial clusters, and has played a strong industry cluster effect.
并对产业价值链集群效应和链式效应做了阐述。
Industrial value chain's cluster effect and chain effect are also mentioned.
二是产业集群区域经济效应的形成机理、集聚效应、知识溢出效应的理论研究。
Secondly, the explanation of some theories, including the formation mechanisms of the economic effects, the agglomeration effects, and the knowledge overflow effects.
集群区域MNE技术外溢能够通过竞争激励效应、产业关联效应、网络扩散效应等途径得以实现；
Technology spillover of MNE can be realized by competition and inspiration, relationship of industries, diffusion of internet and so on.
产业集群除了具有众多优势外也具有潜在的风险，拥挤效应就是其中之一。
Industrial clusters have many potential risks, the crowding effect being one of them.
构建两阶段动态博弈模型，分析FD I背景下产业集群内的人力流动所产生的知识转移效应及其对集群升级的影响。
By constructing a two-stage dynamic game model, the paper has analyzed the impact of human flow on the transfer of knowledge and cluster upgrade in an industry cluster by FDI.
工业经济时代，产业集群最显著的特征之一就是地理集中性，集群所带来的外部经济效应之所以得以实现，与这一特征具有明显的相关性。
The external-economy effect of industrial clusters should be attributed to geographic centralization which is one of the most remarkable characteristics of this organization.
湖南工程机械制造产业集群具有相对的竞争优势，具有一定的规模经济效应，集群效应明显。
Hunan engineering machinery manufacturing industry cluster has a relative competitive advantage, a certain degree of economies of scale and an obvious effects of the cluster.
集群治理是产业集群实现网络经济效应和竞争优势的重要保障。
Cluster governance is the important premises for industrial cluster to achieve the effect of network economies and competitive advantages.
产业集群是一把“双刃剑”，对技术创新既具有外部经济效应，又具有外部不经济效应。
The industry merger is "a two-edged sword" which has both outside economical effect and outside non-economical effect on the technology innovation.
产业集群是一把“双刃剑”，对技术创新既具有外部经济效应，又具有外部不经济效应。
The industry merger is "a two-edged sword" which has both outside economical effect and outside non-economical effect on the technology innovation.
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