队列和主题域的这一统一非常重要，有必要进行深入的研究。
This unification of the queue and topic domains is significant and deserves a closer look.
Alpharule：对象的域集是主题域集的一个子集。
Alpha rule - Object's domain set is a subset of subject's domain set.
每当用户尝试通过主题访问对象时，此内核会在赋予对此对象的访问权限之前先验证这些主题域。
Whenever users try to access an object through subject, the kernel verifies the subject domains before granting access to an object.
你可以在展现层创建多个映射到一个业务模型的主题域，有效的将业务模型分解成已处理的部分。
You can create multiple subject areas in the Presentation layer that map to a single business model, effectively breaking up the business model into manageable pieces.
在这一方法中，发送方将不仅提供他们的主题，而且也将提供域的实体声明和元素定义文件。
In this approach, the senders would provide not only their topics but also the entity declaration and element definition files for the domain.
如果您在描述如何编写GUI应用程序，那么您的主题可以利用来自编程和ui域的元素。
If you're describing how to program GUI applications, your topics can draw on elements from both the programming and UI domains.
主题和对象之间要求至少有一个共同的域。
At least one common domain is required between subject and object.
主题和对象之间要求最少有一个共同的域。
Minimum one common domain required between subject and object.
可以通过创建现有内容元素的新的专门化并提供一个域以在主题结构内重用该新内容元素来处理这类需求。
You can handle such requirements by creating new specializations of existing content elements and providing a domain to reuse the new content elements within topic structures.
通常，通过复制现有的DTD并且添加或者除去主题或域，实现起来最方便。
Often, it is easiest to work by copying an existing DTD and adding or removing topics or domains.
这样，针对某个提供的DTD来编写的主题可以使用所有预定义的域专门化。
Thus, topics written against one of the supplied DTDs can use all of the predefined domain specializations.
您可以通过定义一个将引用主题同编程域结合而但又不包含其它域的新外壳DTD来解决该情况。
You could address this scenario by defining a new shell DTD that combines the reference topic with the programming domain, excluding the other domains.
专门化主题不能使用内容模型中的域元素。
A specialized topic cannot use a domain element in a content model.
此目的地可以为主题或队列，具体取决于应用程序的域。
This destination might be a topic or a queue, depending on the application's domain.
主题应该保存所有对象的域集。
主题类型的设计值只需要处理特定的、可控的问题域。
The designer of the topic type only needs to address a specific, manageable problem domain.
要结合主题和域，请使用外壳DTD。
DITA通过这些模块提供了创建主题类型和域的新组合的构件。
Through these modules, DITA provides you with the building blocks to create new combinations of topic types and domains.
通过主题专门化和域，DITA提供了如下优点
Through topic specialization and domains, DITA provides the following benefits
现在翻译是核心的一部分；每个域、URL和用户都能表达语言偏好；核心主题支持从左到右和从右到左的书写系统。
Translation is now a part of the core; each domain, URL, and user can express a language preference; and core themes support left-to-right and right-to-left writing systems.
在该方案中，专门化层次结构包括基本主题提供的keyword祖先元素和编程域提供的apiname元素。
In the scenario, specialization hierarchies include the keyword ancestor element provided by the base topic and the apiname element provided by the programming domain.
事实上，reference主题的结构只指定关键字，但将域专门化实体添加到所有祖先元素中却是一个好的做法。
In fact, the structures of the reference topic specify only keywords, but it's good practice to add the domain specialization entities to all ancestor elements.
定义主题元素的domains属性来声明文档中所表示的域。
Define the domains attribute of the topic elements to declare the domains represented in the document.
class属性标识基本元素，而domains属性标识主题内可用的域。
While the class attribute identifies base elements, the domains attribute identifies the domains available within a topic.
更一般地，您可以使用域和主题的任意组合来定义文档。
More generally, you can define documents with any combination of domains and topics.
当定义主题的新类型或域元素时，请记住主题专门化和域专门化的层次结构必须有所区别。
When you define new types of topics or domain elements, remember that the hierarchies for topic specialization and domain specialization must be distinct.
类似地，域元素只可从基本主题或另外一个域中的元素进行专门化。
Similarly, a domain element can specialize only from an element in the base topic or in another domain.
创建了域文件之后，您可以编写外壳DTD来将域同主题和其它域相结合。
After creating the domain files, you can write shell DTDs to combine the domain with topics and other domains.
在旧的规范下，必须专门为队列或主题编写应用程序代码，因为类本身是特定于域的。
Under the older specification, the application code had to be written specifically for queues or topics because the classes themselves were domain-specific.
结果，可以交换或合并使用不同域但有相同主题的文档，而不必泛化主题。
As a result, documents using different domains but the same topics can be exchanged or merged without having to generalize the topics.
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