在美国，吸烟是食管癌的主要元凶。
Cigarette smoking is a major cause of esophageal cancer in the United States.
食管癌- 35%的案例或5 800人。
包括：1、食管癌的形态定量学研究。
As follows: 1, Morphometry research of esophageal carcinoma.
他们现在弥补一半的癌症诊断食管癌。
目的：探讨食管癌术后乳糜胸的防治方法。
Objective:To investigate the prevention and treatments for chylothorax following esophagectomy.
目的：探讨食管癌术后引起肺部感染的原因。
Objective: To explore the cause of pulmonary infection after esophageal resection.
目的探讨食管癌同时伴有肺部肿块的处理方法。
Objective To explore the method for treatment of esophageal cancer with lung phyma.
目的：研究端粒酶在切除食管癌标本中的活性。
Objective:To study the activity of telomere enzyme in esophageal carcinoma.
目的探讨胸段食管癌淋巴结转移的特点及其规律。
Objective To study the pattern and feature of lymph node metastasis in thoracic esophageal carcinoma.
目的：不能手术的食管癌同步放化疗的疗效观察。
Objective: To study the clinical effect of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer.
为探讨食管癌手术前后患者外周血细胞的凋亡情况。
To study apoptosis of peripheral blood cell of esophageal carcinoma patients.
他们也该被警告吸烟的同时饮酒更会增加食管癌的风险。
They should also be warned that cigarette smoking works with the alcohol in a way that further increases the risk of esophageal cancer.
目的：观察黄芪增免散对围手术期食管癌间质反应的影响。
Objective: To observe the effect of Huangqi Zengmian Powder (HQZMP) on interstitial response of esophageal cancer at peri operational period.
在发达国家，卫生专家将食管癌同吸烟和喝酒联系了起来。
In developed countries, health experts have linked esophageal cancer to smoking and alcoholic drinks.
比如，人们还不知道现在正流行食管癌，而这一病症是非常难以治疗的。
People don't know there is an epidemic of cancer of the oesophagus, for example, which is very hard to treat.
提示年龄在患者是否接受食管癌手术时作为重要的参考指标。
Age was identified as an important variable in the selection of patients for esophageal cancer surgery.
结论：黄芪增免散对围手术期食管癌患者免疫功能有改善作用。
Conclusion: HQZMP could improve the immune function of esophageal patients in peri operational period.
颈部转移淋巴结的大小与食管癌局部病变的大小不呈平行关系。
The size of metastatic lymph node was not parallel with the local lesion of esophageal cancer.
对肺和食管癌的任何益处限于腺癌，它在非吸烟者中是最常见的。
Any benefit for lung and esophageal cancer was limited to adenocarcinomas, which are most commonly seen in nonsmokers.
食管癌切除，术中作预防性胸导管结扎，可减少乳糜胸的发生率。
Preventive surgical ligation of thoracic duct during the course of esophageal carcinoma resection can reduce the incidence of postoperative chylothorax.
目的探讨如何降低食管癌贲门癌术后吻合口瘘的发生率、死亡率。
Objective To investigate how to depress the fistula incidence and the death rate after the operation of the esophageal and cardia cancer.
目的：综合评价CT和钡餐造影在食管癌诊断和治疗中的应用价值。
Objective: To evaluate comprehensively the clinical value of ct and esophageal barium meal in esophageal carcinoma.
结论食管癌贲门癌术后膈疝并非罕见，应争取早期诊断，及时治疗。
Conclusion: It is not rare of the diaphragmatic hernia after surgery of oesophagus cancer or cardia cancer. We should try to make the earlier diagnosis and treatment.
结论PTEN蛋白的表达缺失提示食管癌恶性程度较高，预后较差。
Conclusion Depletion of expression PTEN protein hints high malignancy degree of esophageal carcinoma and poor prognosis.
目的提高食管癌放疗的疗效，防治放疗并发症，提高患者的生活质量。
Objective: To improve curative effects and decrease complications and increase living quality of esophageal carcinoma patients.
其多态性改变(核心片段重复数减少)与食管癌的易感性关系较密切。
There should be a closer correlation between the alteration of its polymorphism (reduction of core segment repetition number) and esophageal cancer susceptibility.
其多态性改变(核心片段重复数减少)与食管癌的易感性关系较密切。
There should be a closer correlation between the alteration of its polymorphism (reduction of core segment repetition number) and esophageal cancer susceptibility.
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