Hall和Sargent的计算显示，几乎所有的通胀税都由那些持有5年或更长到期期限债券的人承担。
The Hall-Sargent calculations show that almost all of this inflation tax was borne by those who held bonds with a maturity of five years or more.
近来的通胀很大一部分分明是受到诸多一次性因素的影响，包括从俄罗斯粮食收获减产造成粮价飙升到英国增值税的提高。
Much of its recent rise is driven by what are clearly one-off factors, from weak Russian harvests that sent grain prices soaring to the rise in value-added tax in Britain.
她同时表示，主要由于计划从年初开始会提高增值税，所以通胀在2011年可能会维持在目标点位以上。
It also said that inflation would probably remain above target in 2011, largely because of a rise in value-added tax planned for the start of the year.
虽然通胀部分是由增值税引起，该国5%的通胀率依然远高于德国的水平。
The country's inflation rate, at 5%, is still well above Germany's, although part of that differential is due to increases in value-added tax.
十二月的通胀率升至3.7%。进口商品的进一步涨价以及本月增值税的上升可能把春季前的通胀率推向4%。
Further increases in the cost of imported commodities and this month's rise in value-added tax (VAT) are likely to push the rate above 4% by spring.
近期间接税、食品和汽油价格上涨正推高目标通胀率，调查现实对未来通胀水平的预期也已经慢慢提高。
Headline inflation is currently being boosted by recent increases in indirect taxes, food and petrol prices, and surveyed expectations of future inflation have edged up.
但由于大多数储户的利率仍远远低于通胀水平，并且在房产税方面的尝试逐渐淡出政策议程，因此其它方面的进展极其有限。
But with interest rates for most depositors still significantly below the level of inflation, and experiments in property tax falling off the policy agenda, progress elsewhere is strictly limited.
但由于大多数储户的利率仍远远低于通胀水平，并且在房产税方面的尝试逐渐淡出政策议程，因此其它方面的进展极其有限。
But with interest rates for most depositors still significantly below the level of inflation, and experiments in property tax falling off the policy agenda, progress elsewhere is strictly limited.
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