设想你身体里的细胞说的,我只想发疯了一样吃东西和繁殖。
Imagine if a cell in your body said, I just want to eat food and reproduce like crazy.
来自南佛罗里达大学的西德尼·皮尔斯说:“在地球上,藻类的基因不可能在动物细胞内起作用。”
"There's no way on earth that genes from an alga should work inside an animal cell," says Sidney Pierce from the University of South Florida.
“它们可以帮助神经细胞处理并储存信息。”布鲁斯·麦克尤恩博士(Dr. Bruce McEwen)说。
"They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage," says Dr. Bruce McEwen.
“他们不喜欢把科技和食物联系起来。”癌症细胞生物学访问学者尼古拉斯·热诺维斯说。
"They don't like to associate technology with food," said Nicholas Genovese, a visiting scholar in cancer cell biology.
“封装能保护细胞免遭免疫系统攻击,并且会含有畸胎瘤细胞。”Weir 说。
"Encapsulation protects cells from getting killed by the immune system and would contain teratoma cells," says Weir.
最近,英国国家干细胞网络部门警告说,如果没有足够的资金和立法保障,英国可能会失去在世界干细胞研究领域的领导地位。
Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured.
有一些人说,是因为麦子的细胞膨胀变大,使得麦秆在结点或关节处向下弯曲。
According to some, the crop cells become swollen and are bent down at the nodes, or joints.
“我们可以利用镜像细胞作为诱饵,”他说。
“我们将利用镜像细胞作为实验的基础,”塞萨洛夫说。
“We’ll use the mirror cells as the basis of the assay, ” he says.
沙佛博士说:“三磷酸腺苷就像细胞中储存化学能量的小电池。”
“It’s like a little battery that carries chemical energy within cells,” said Dr. Scharf.
“我一直觉得,卢卡斯导演对死星的最初构思是一种很有意思的方式,这种想法可以用来探索细胞表面,”他说。
"Luke's initial dive into the Death Star, I've always thought, is a very interesting way how one would explore the surface of a cell," he said.
“我一直觉得,卢卡斯导演对死星的最初构思是一种很有意思的方式,这种想法可以用来探索细胞表面,”他说。
“Luke's initial dive into the Death Star, I've always thought, is a very interesting way how one would explore the surface of a cell,” he said.
提雪说这些细胞帮助大脑记忆,起了关键工作。
Tsien said these cells are vital in helping the brain remember events.
专家说,硒元素对皮肤细胞的健康有重要意义。
Experts say selenium plays a key role in the health of skin cells.
虽然像MRI扫描这样的技术也可以观察深部大脑,但“这些技术无法在显微结构的水平上观察单个的细胞,”施尼策尔说。
While techniques like MRI scans could examine the deep brain, "they couldn't look at individual cells on a microscopic scale," said Schnitzer.
塞克尔教授说:“我研究小细胞肺癌多年,发现能够消除大块肿瘤并使之消失是件美妙的事。”
Prof Seckl said: "I have been working on small cell lung cancer for many years and to find something that can take a measurable piece of tumour and make it go away is wonderful.
“这些口袋结构可以被塑造成适合一定的细胞特征,”Shih说,“这样就可以用来设计针对单一类型细胞的药物传输或诊断分子。”
Those pockets could be molded to fit specific cellular features, said Shih, allowing for the design of drug-delivering or diagnostic molecules targeted at a single type of cell.
“他们变成了长时间存在并试图控制疾病的细胞,”Santamaria说。
"They become long-living cells that attempt to regulate the disease," Santamaria says.
“人们并不是没有能交叉反应的T细胞,”Chakraborty说,“只是数量非常少,我们希望有疫苗能够诱导他们大量增殖。”
"It's not that they don't have cross-reactive t cells," says Chakraborty. "they do have them, but they're much rarer, and we think they might be coaxed into action with the right vaccine."
也就是说,它们可以变成血细胞、脑细胞或者几乎所有其它类型的细胞。
That is, they can become blood cells, brain cells, or pretty much any other type of cell.
你所有的脑细胞都是与生俱来,不复改变。俗语就是这么说的。
You were born with all the brain cells you'll ever have, so the saying goes.
他说多细胞生命可能在多处地点演化,只是其化石尚未被发现而已。
He said multicellular organisms likely evolved in many places, but the fossils haven't yet been found.
它们可不附加任何基因而被诱导为胚胎样细胞,然后变为胰岛素分泌细胞,加里卡诺说此方法比其它方法更少的诱发恶性肿瘤。
They can be coaxed into an embryonic-like state without any additional genes, and after becoming insulin-producing cells, they produce less cancer than other methods, according to Gallicano.
“我们不愿意看到毁灭胚胎的干细胞研究,”斯托达特先生说,“胚胎是流了产的人类生命,应该受到保护而不是毁灭。
“We do not want to see stem cell research that would destroy embryos, ” Mr. Stoddart said. “Embryos are preborn human life that should be protected and not destroyed.
研究人员说,干细胞已被用于治疗自身免疫性疾病,同样的方法可以帮助治疗哮喘和其他严重的过敏性疾病。
They say the stem cells are already used to treat autoimmune diseases and the same approach could provide help treat asthma and other severe allergic conditions.
他说,“修复细胞需要许多能量,因此,我会怀疑某些游离的脂肪酸会参与这个过程,被转移到能量循环中。”
"It takes a lot of energy to repair cells so I would suspectthat some of the free fatty acids would participate in this process andbe transferred into that energy cycle, " he says.
他们在获知这一信息后说,这也许能限制癌细胞的扩散。
Armed with that information, they say, it may be possible to limit the spread of cancer.
纳吉说:“我们希望,这些干细胞能成为治疗目前认为是不治之症的许多疾病和症状的基础。”
Nagy said: "We hope that these stem cells will form the basis for treatment for many diseases and conditions that are currently considered incurable."
纳吉说:“我们希望,这些干细胞能成为治疗目前认为是不治之症的许多疾病和症状的基础。”
Nagy said: "We hope that these stem cells will form the basis for treatment for many diseases and conditions that are currently considered incurable."
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