显然，该地区有一些低空云层，但主要是飞行员和空中交通管制员之间的沟通失误。
Apparently, there were some low clouds in the area, but mostly it was just miscommunication between the pilots and the air traffic controllers.
该协会还表示，必须提高机组人员和空中交通管制员的培训标准，因为空中交通越来越拥挤。
The association also said that standards of training must be raised among flight crews and air traffic controllers as the sky has become ever more crowded.
许多人认为，空中交通管制系统是由一排坐在美国机场雷达屏幕前的管制员组成的，他们告诉到达和离开的航班该做什么。
Many people think that ATC consists of a row of controllers sitting in front of their radar screens at the nation's airports, telling arriving and departing traffic what to do.
如果我为空中交通管制员构建一个系统，我可能希望制定不同的架构决策。
If I were building a system for air traffic controllers, I'd probably want to make a different architectural decision.
空中交通管制员会继续指挥飞机。
但这却给管制员的工作带来了困难。
探讨了管制员资源管理的训练内容及实施方法。
This article focuses its attention on the items and methods in air traffic control teamwork training.
管制员按照特定的规则和程序引导飞机沿指定航路飞行。
Each of these controllers follows specific rules and procedures while directing fights through designated airways.
管制员的工作记忆是随着经验、任务需要和时间压力而改变的。
The capacity of controllers' working memories, thus, varies depending on (at least) experience, task demands, and time pressure.
在一些小机场，通用航空的合同制空中交通管制员在管制塔工作。
The towers are staffed by contract air traffic controllers at small airports that specialize in general aviation.
这些人员反馈信息给航路管制员，同时也负责传递管制指令给飞行员。
These individuals fed information to the en route controllers and also relayed their instructions to pilots.
管制员通常以牺牲容量为代价来保障安全，结果造成大量的交通延误。
Controllers usually maintain traffic safety by sacrificing airport or airspace capacity, which results in severe traffic delays.
上图展示了飞行员与管制员在正常商业飞行的每一阶段相互配合的过程。
The above interactive graphic shows pilot and air traffic controller interact during each phase of a typical commercial flight profile.
同时，也不得在正式管制员与飞行员通讯的频率上进行文字和语音通讯。
You are also not allowed to communicate on any text or voice frequency in use by pilots and regular ATC.
塔台模拟器就是为高效地培养塔台管制员而研制的高逼真度的模拟训练系统。
The tower simulator is a simulation training system of high verisimilitude in order to train tower controllers efficiently.
航空管制员负责指挥商用航空公司航班的航线，他们批准并控制航班的轨道。
Air traffic controllers are responsible for directing the flow of commercial airline flights. They authorize and regulate the pathways of flights.
一份最新公布的文件包含了空中交通管制员的录音，军事飞行员和其他人对突发事件的反应。
A newly released document includes recordings of air traffic controllers, military pilots and others reacting to the fast-moving events.
虽然一般来讲，交通管制员对飞机着陆是否安全最有发言权，但他们可以留待飞行员自行判断。
While traffic controllers generally have the final word in whether it is safe for a plane to land, they can and do leave it to the pilots' discretion.
例如，工作记忆可以支持管制员的思维并更新当前和计划的对空中交通管制形势的估计。
For example, working memory supports the controller's building and updating of the current and projected assessments of the ATC situation.
从航空管制员到艺术总监，从葬礼经理到护林员，有很多工作都能带来比预期多得多的薪水。
From air traffic controllers to art directors, funeral managers to foresters, there is a varied range of jobs that bring in much more money than one might expect.
作为培养管制员后备人才的高等院校，应加强在校学生的管制员技能和专业素质的实践教学。
Civil Aviation Flight University of China should strengthen practice teaching in such aspects as the skills of control and special quality of students.
在战争期间女性也第一次被训练为空中交通管制员，她们在最高峰的时候占据了管制队伍的40%。
Women, too, for the first time were trained as controllers during the war, and, at their peak, represented well over 40 percent of the controller workforce.
空中交通管制员负责在飞行区域内或飞机场，指挥飞行，确保飞机安全有效飞行。需要注册或许可。
Ensures the safe and efficient movement of aircraft in controlled airspace and aerodromes by directing aircraft movements. Registration or licensing is required.
多么遗憾的事啊。事情本来不会这样的。要是我们有更多的空中交通管制员，这种事情就不会发生了。
What a sorry state of affairs this is. And it's totally unnecessary. If only we had more air traffic controllers, this kind of thing wouldn't happen.
一名飞行员表示，他曾多次联系值班的一名空中管制员，最后不得不中止降落，最终两架飞机安全着陆。
One pilot said he made several attempts to contact the only controller on duty and had to abort his landing during the final approach. Both jets eventually landed safely.
他们不与飞机建立直接的无线电联络，而是同航空公司签派员、航路电台工作人员和机场管制员保持联系。
They had no direct radio link with aircraft but used telephones to stay in touch with airline dispatchers, airway radio operators, and airport traffic controllers.
他们不与飞机建立直接的无线电联络，而是同航空公司签派员、航路电台工作人员和机场管制员保持联系。
They had no direct radio link with aircraft but used telephones to stay in touch with airline dispatchers, airway radio operators, and airport traffic controllers.
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