活塞表面涂有石墨以减少摩擦。
否则，它们会变成石墨或燃烧。
在美国化学协会杂志刚发表的一篇论文《纳米》表示加入少许石墨烯也许就能解决这个问题。
A paper just published in the American Chemical Society's journal, Nano suggests a sprinkling of graphene may deal with this problem.
然而，曹发现石墨烯有时会发生变化。
曹的论文是关于石墨烯的——世界上最薄却最坚硬的物质。
Cao's papers are about graphene (石墨烯), the thinnest and strongest in the world.
石墨烯是一种只有单原子厚度的碳原子平面层——碳原子按蜂窝状晶格排列。
Graphene is a flat sheet of carbon just one atom thick—with the carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice.
石墨烯最早在2004年诞生于一个实验室，本质上是一层由纯碳原子组成的蜂窝状晶格层，薄到竟被认为是二维物质。
First produced in a lab back in 2004, graphene is essentially a single layer of pure carbon atoms bonded together in a honeycomb lattice so thin it's actually considered two-dimensional.
这些石墨块事实上是燃料组件。
这个石墨块是和，台球的大小一样。
And this graphite pebble is about the size of a billiard ball.
这种石墨可以在自然状态下用来书写。
This graphite could be used in its natural state for writing.
研究者使用普通胶布从石墨中提取石墨烯。
The researchers extracted graphene from graphite using ordinary adhesive tape.
石墨开采自锡兰。
他们用胶带从一块石墨上分离出石墨烯。
they peeled it off the surface of a piece of graphite using sticky tape.
一毫米厚的碳层里大约有三百万个石墨烯。
There are around three million sheets of graphene in a millimetre-thick layer of graphite.
主动反应堆区域由石墨包裹的圆柱形燃料棒堆积排列而成。
The active reactor zone is a laying of graphite blocks with cylindrical fuel apertures.
换句话说，你就可以利用石墨薄膜来进行变换光学了。
In other words, you can do transformation optics using graphene.
给石墨烯引入带隙的方法之一是制作极窄的石墨烯带。
One way of introducing a bandgap into graphene is to make extremely narrow ribbons of the material.
石墨烯可能成为纳米级的“电子电路试验板”，希恩说。
Graphene could be a sort of nanoscale "electronic breadboard", says Sheehan.
这两个结果是采用石墨烯进行DNA测序研究的重大进展。
Both of these are important advancements towards using graphene for DNA sequencing, "he says."
然而，与半导体硅不同，石墨烯的价带和导带之间没有带隙。
However, unlike the semiconductor silicon, graphene has no gap between its valence and conduction bands.
该技术是十分精确，石墨烯氧化物样本的其余部分仍然绝缘。
The technique is precise, which means that the rest of the graphene oxide sample remains insulating.
通过这些信息他们可以计算出加入石墨烯后高分子复合材料的刚度改进。
From this information they calculated the improvement in stiffness the graphene gave to the polymer composite.
将石墨粘在一些胶带上，然后撕下胶带——石墨烯的发现就是这么简单。
The discovery of graphene came from simply sticking graphite to some adhesive tape, and peeling it off.
乔治二世为了控制石墨开采，宣告用船运石墨出国是一种犯罪。
George II controlled the graphite by declaring it a crime to ship it out of the country.
投资者也青睐日常商品业务，包括一个公司计划从石墨中提炼白银。
Investors also liked commodity plays, including a firm that planned to extract silver from lead.
实验结果显示石墨烯具有弹性，如同钢一样坚韧，几乎是完全透明。
Tests showed the graphene layers were stretchy, as strong as steel and almost completely transparent.
研究人员目前正在扩展他们的工作，将单层石墨烯迁移到硅晶圆片上。
The researchers are now extending their work to single graphene sheets that have been transferred onto silicon wafers.
由于这些特性，许多研究者认为，石墨烯可取代硅作为未来的电子材料。
Because of these properties, many researchers believe that graphene could replace silicon as the electronic material of the future.
由于这些特性，许多研究者认为，石墨烯可取代硅作为未来的电子材料。
Because of these properties, many researchers believe that graphene could replace silicon as the electronic material of the future.
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