给开发者和产品经理做测试的人员比例是多少？
What is theratio of testers to developers to product managers?
很多才入行的产品经理几乎没有任何市场研究的经验。
Many inexperienced product managers have little if any background in any sort of market research techniques.
无论产品经理有何不同，所有传统产品经理有一个共性。
Regardless of how different product managers may be, there is a commonality among all traditional product managers.
通常，这就是传统产品经理被拉进来参与敏捷体验的时候。
That's when the traditional product manager is usually pulled in to join the agile experience.
产品经理——跟利益相关人协作，识别需求，设定优先级。
Product Manager - Works with stakeholders, identifies requirements and sets priority.
在选择候选服务时，产品经理和其他业务领导应该进行协商。
When mining for candidate services, product managers and other business leaders should be interviewed.
产品经理通过他们对市场趋势和竞争的阐述完成特性的优先化。
Prioritization of features is done by the product managers via their interpretations of the market trends and competition.
好的产品经理和好的项目经理能够在这些冲突中建立一种平衡。
Good product managers and good project managers are able to create a balance of these conflicts.
定价可能有很复杂，产品经理都该知道这点，尤其是新产品面世。
Setting prices can be tricky, as product managers well know, especially when it comes to new product releases.
“我们的技术能连接众多硬盘并行运行，”产品经理沙超群解释道。
"Our technology links up many hard drives to run in parallel," explains product manager Sha Chaoqun.
我见过的最大陷阱，是简单地把已有的产品经理转变为产品负责人。
The biggest pitfall I have seen is to simply transition existing product managers to become product owners.
产品经理也要管理项目，因为他们需要确认项目的完成情况。
Product managers should manage projects since they need to ensure that the projects get done.
找一个好的项目经理管理你的项目，这样你能成为一个更好的产品经理。
Finding a good project manager to manage your projects will help you be an even better product manager.
项目经理只是一帮碍事的人，成天想着从产品经理的手里夺走项目控制权。
Project managers just get in the way and try to take control of the project away from the product manager.
比如说产品经理的候选人被告知他们必须具备顶尖大学的计算机科学学位。
Product manager candidates, for example, are told they must have computer science degrees from top universities.
如果开发团队和产品经理无法进行有效的协同合作，到头来只会一事无成。
It is almost impossible to accomplish something good when the development team and the product manager do not have an effective working relationship.
产品经理花在项目管理上的时间越少，可以花在产品管理上的时间就越多。
The less time product managers spend on project management, the more time they will be able to spend on product management.
一个不太常见的情形(但影响相同)是产品经理不接受产品负责人的角色。
A less common scenario (but just as impacting) is the product manager who does not embrace the product owner role.
目前为止我们一直在讨论物联网如何让产品经理和品牌经理受益。
So far we've discussed how Internet of Things could benefit product or brand managers.
您可以快速实现并运行一些内容，然后从产品经理、用户那里得到即时反馈。
You can get something up and running quickly, then get immediate feedback from product managers, users, etc.
产品经理没必要成为定量研究和定性研究的专家，但是有一些经验总是好的。
Product managers do not necessarily need to be experts in conducting qualitative and quantitative research, though some experience is certainly useful.
在讨论敏捷组织中的产品经理角色前，让我们回顾一下传统产品经理的角色。
Before we discuss the product manager role in agile organizations, let's review the role of a traditional product manager.
对于有很多客户的商业软件，可以用客户代理(经常就是产品经理)来代替。
For commercial software with lots of customers, a customer proxy (usually the product manager) is used instead.
产品经理以为他们可以管理自己的项目，但仅凭这一点不能得出他们该这么做。
Just because product managers think they can manage their own projects does not mean they should.
在他被雇用的几个月里，不知何故他让他的产品经理同事和工程师一样疏远他。
Within a few months of being hired, he had somehow managed to alienate many of his fellow product managers as well as engineers.
产品经理和其他一些不幸的家伙假设问题都显而易见，然后迫不及待地去解决。
Product managers and many others unfortunately assume the problem is evident and jump right to solving it.
但是即使当要求看似很详细的时候，您还是可以发现产品经理没考虑到的事情。
But even when the requirements seem detailed, you may discover things the product manager didn't consider.
比如你不喜欢财务分析，那就和做财务的人多聊聊或是请教有经验的产品经理。
For example, if you avoid financial analysis because you are weak in that area, work with someone from finance or another product manager with a quantitative background to improve your knowledge.
产品经理为理解客户的需求负责，然后基于这些理解定义什么和为什么需要开发。
Product managers are responsible for understanding customer needs, and using this understanding to define what should be developed and why.
咱们来看看：采用敏捷时，大多数产品经理会对新加的产品负责人角色不知所措。
Let's face it: when adopting agile, most product managers are overwhelmed by the added product owner role.
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