受满语影响的汉语遂向南传播。
在国外，满语教学主要集中在部分大学。
Manchu language education has been mainly in some universities abroad.
赵女士从小就说满语。
本文通过丰富的例词探讨了满语中存在的元音屈折现象。
Based on abundant example words, the paper discusses that there exists inflectional vowels in Manchu.
本文评介了《满语地名研究》一书的内容、特点和学术价值。
This article reviewed the content, characteristic and learning value of the book "the Research of the Man Language and Place Name".
在1000多万满族人口当中，眼下只有十几个人能够说满语。
Only a few dozen people can speak Manchu these days out of a population of more than 10 million.
如今只剩两个人(另一个也已八十六岁)能够偶尔用满语聊聊天了。
The two remaining (the other is also 86) sometimes chat to each other in Manchu.
1979年还有50人能流利的使用满语，而现在只剩下两个人。
但赵兰芳认为这没多大作用，她说，满语老师们听不懂她所讲的满语。
But Ms Zhao does not think this will make much difference. The Manchu teachers, she says, do not understand her Manchu.
准确掌握满语语气词的语义及用法对满语文的学习与研究具有重要意义。
Grasping the meaning and usage of mood words from Manchu is of great significance to Manchu studies.
《四书》修订稿本同时也是满文古籍文献研究、满语研究的重要对象之一。
So it could be taken as one of the important objects in Manchu ancient books and Manchu language research.
乾隆皇帝在位期间，亲自规范满语并发上谕加以推行，此即“钦定新清语”。
During Qianlong s reign, he standardized Manchu in person and put forward orders to spread out, which is called "New Qing Language by Imperial Order".
女真语和满语之间存在较多相同语音特点的同时也存在一些不同的语音特点。
There are a lot of same pronunciation characteristics and some different pronunciation characteristics all together between Jurchen and Manchu words.
而满语的知识主要都是由像他这种来自中国偏远西北部地区的锡伯族人传承下来的。
Knowledge of the language is kept up mainly by people like him who belong to the Xibo people from China's far north-west.
以北京方言为例，尽管北京话是一种汉族语言，但它也体现了蒙古语和满语的痕迹。
The Beijing dialect for example, though being a language of the Han ethnic group, shows traces of Mongolian and Manchu languages.
作为清王朝官方使用的语言文字，满语文曾经享有极高的显赫地位并发挥过重要作用。
As an official language and scripts, they had enjoyed tremendous high position and played essential role.
满语中有很多蒙古语借词，这与历史上满族和蒙古族的文化交流和语言接触有密切关系。
There are many Mongolian loanwords in Manchu language, which related to the culture and language communication between them.
锡伯语与满语接近，但是吴先生说只有约20000人说锡伯语，并且数量也在快速减少。
The Xibo language is very close to Manchu, but Mr Wu says only about 20,000 speak it and their numbers are rapidly diminishing too.
为汉语人群学习满语而编纂的满汉合璧字辞书通行于清代。并被多次刻印，形成诸多版本。
During the whole Qing dynasty, after being printed many times, lexicographical books compiled for Chinese people to learn Manchu language with both Manchu and Chinese have many versions.
锡伯族语与满语非常相似，但吴先生说只有约两千人会说锡伯语，而且这个数量也在急剧下降。
The Xibo language is very close to Manchu, but Mr Wu says only about 20, 000 speak it and their Numbers are rapidly diminishing too.
巴尔虎土语中的满语借词以名词、形容词、动词为主，大部分是表达物质文化和制度文化的词。
Of the Manchu loanwords in Bargo local dialect are mainly nouns, adjectives and verbs. These loanwords are mostly cultural words which deliver material and institutional culture.
黑河地区曾是黑龙江省乃至全国满语使用较好的地区之一，也是研究满语、满族文化的重要基地。
Heihe had been a place where Manchu was spoken well as an intercommunicative language, and thus it has been considered as an important base for Manchu language and culture study.
赵女士(图)称自己是村里仅存的两个满语流利的人之一，也是守护濒临灭绝的满语的最后阵地之一。
Ms Zhao (pictured) calls herself one of only two fluent native speakers of Manchu left in the village, one of the last redoubts of a language that is verging on extinction.
通过对满语谚语、蒙古语谚语内容及其民族文化特色的比较，可明显看到两种民族文化的共性与差异。
Through the comparison of the contents and the national cultural characteristics of the proverbs in these two languages, the difference between the two cultures can be clearly exhibited.
从整体情况与具体情况调查来看，三家子村现存满语的衰落趋势已明显加速，经济文化也有很大变迁。
In view of both general and concrete states, the existing Manchu in Sanjiazi Village is accelerating on wane with the great transition of economy and culture.
如今剩下的两个人（另外一个也是86岁）偶而会用满语进行交流，上一次两人用满语聊天是在四个月前。
The two remaining (the other is also 86) sometimes chat to each other in Manchu. But Ms Zhao says the last time this happened was about four months ago.
语气词是满语虚词的一类，是本身没有词汇意义，表示句子各种语气，或为句子成分增加情态意义的词。
As function words, Manchu mood words are used to express kinds of moods, tones and manners of speaking without lexical meanings.
如今，在中国东北部的三家子村里，满语从八十六岁的赵兰凤那喷云吐雾、布满皱纹的嘴唇中缓缓吐出。
Today Manchu mixes with cigarette smoke blown through the wrinkled lips of 86-year-old Zhao Lanfeng in Sanjiazi, a village in China's north-east.
本文精选哈佛燕京图书馆馆藏札克丹的两首满汉混合诗歌，并加笺释，以便人们对札克丹以及满语文学有更进一步的了解。
The paper selected two poems of Manchu-Chinese Verses of Jakdan stored in Yanjing Library of Harvard and made note of them so that people could get further acknowledge about Manchu literatures.
本文精选哈佛燕京图书馆馆藏札克丹的两首满汉混合诗歌，并加笺释，以便人们对札克丹以及满语文学有更进一步的了解。
The paper selected two poems of Manchu-Chinese Verses of Jakdan stored in Yanjing Library of Harvard and made note of them so that people could get further acknowledge about Manchu literatures.
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