视差原理可以扩展到测量地球到恒星的距离。
The parallax principle can be extended to measure the distances to the stars.
我们在地球上看到的其实是来自恒星的电磁辐射。
What we are seeing from earth is actually electromagnetic radiation that's coming from stars.
如果该恒星的旋转加快仅仅20%，那么离心力就会将其甩得粉碎。
If the fixed star spun just 20% faster, the centrifugal force would fling it apart.
在一个给定的星系中，这些恒星的数量远远超过其他恒星。
These stars vastly outnumber the other stars in a given galaxy.
如果你观察其他恒星的光谱，你会发现它们的颜色是一样的。
If you were looking at the spectrum of some other star, the colors would be the same.
大体上，所有靠近地球的这些物体所反射的光都比来自恒星的要亮。
Basically the light bouncing off all these objects close to earth is brighter than what's coming from the stars.
他们可以通过在那些想象的盒子中指出一颗恒星的位置来精确地描述它的位置。
They could precisely describe the location of a star by indicating its position in one of those imaginary boxes.
根据对年轻的类太阳恒星的观察，我们的太阳可能已经失去了它最初质量的6%。
According to observations of young sunlike stars, our Sun may have lost as much as six percent of its initial mass.
这些安提基西拉机械装置的指示器就会移动，显示相对于行星和恒星的日月运动。
The indicators of the Antikythera Mechanism, would then move to show the motion of the Sun and Moon relative to the planets and stars.
今天我想谈谈恒星对早期航海者的重要性，以及恒星的固定模式是如何被用作助航工具的。
Today I want to talk about the importance of stars for early seafarers, about how the fixed patterns of stars were used as navigational aids.
例如，经过训练的观察者主要通过对光谱中出现的简单线条的精确分析来获取关于恒星的大量信息。
For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.
圆盘产生自己的引力拖曳，这种相互作用的力夺走了行 星在其轨道上的动量，迫使它盘旋向恒星的方向。
The disk exerts its own gravitational tug, and this interplay of forces robs the planet of momentum in its orbital path, forcing it to spiral in toward the star.
如果许多这样的链是在一个不同的旋转星系中产生的，那么恒星的分布将类似于在螺旋星系中观察到的分布。
If many such chains were created in a differentially rotating galaxy, the distribution of stars would resemble the observed distribution in a spiral galaxy.
行星形成的标准理论认为，没有一颗如此大的行星能在如此靠近恒星的地方形成，因此才有人推测该天体是一颗伴星。
The standard theory of planet formation holds that no planet that large could be formed so close to a star, leading to the suggestion that the body is a companion star.
1977年发射的“旅行者一号”太空探测器发回了木星和土星的壮观图像，然后飞出太阳系，执行前往恒星的单程任务。
The space probe, Voyager I, launched in 1977, had sent back spectacular images of Jupiter and Saturn and then soared out of the Solar System on a one-way mission to the stars.
大质量恒星的形成和死亡都很快。
一条线索来自于主盘内恒星的金属丰度。
One clue comes from the metallicity of the disc's constituent stars.
天文学家用星等和光度来描述恒星的亮度。
Astronomers describe star brightness in terms of magnitude and luminosity.
有些情况下，恒星的塌缩会产生一个黑洞。
In some cases, the collapsing of a star produces a black hole.
整个狐狸星座是一条真正新生恒星的组装线。
The constellation Vulpecula is a veritable entire assembly line of newborn stars.
视差测量恒星的概念很简单。
The concept of parallax measurements of the stars is simple.
恒星的外层被迫向外扩张，在太空中漂移数千年。
External layers of the star are forced outwards, drifting through space for thousands of years.
随着恒星的衰老，其阴暗斑点的数量也随之下降。
而问题是，这个方法只能用于寻找临近恒星的大行星。
The problem is that this method favours the discovery of large planets close to their stars.
人类研究气体云是否能高效制造恒星的历史已经很长了。
There is a fairly long history of trying to determine how efficient gas clouds are at making stars.
科学家说这颗行星与其主恒星的距离适中，可能存在水分。
Scientists say that the planet is right distance from its primary star that it may contain water.
这些古老恒星的直径较最初扩大了许多倍，并且已经冷却。
These aging stars have expanded to many times their original diameters and cooled.
寻找围绕红矮星运转的行星则相对容易，因为恒星的体积较小。
Looking for planets orbiting red dwarfs is easier because the stars are less massive.
然后通过议案开普勒定律，它可以计算出恒星的质量。
Then through Kepler's laws of motion, it's possible to calculate the mass of the star.
黑洞通过释放热量将星系气体排斥掉，阻碍了任何新恒星的形成。
By emitting heat that pushes away the galactic gas, the black hole prevents any new stars from being formed.
应用推荐