最严重的对完全竞争的背离来源于垄断成份。
The most serious deviation from the perfect competition comes from monopoly elements .
格雷迪发现，即使在富尔顿鱼市，完全竞争也难觅踪迹。
Graddy discovered that even at Fulton, perfect competition was elusive.
实现帕累托最优的基本条件是完全竞争的市场机制。
The basic prerequisite for Pareto Principle is completed marketing system.
非完全竞争厂商所面临的需求曲线通常是非线性的。
在完全竞争市场，价格由需求和供给的相互作用来确定。
In perfect competition, the price in the market is set by the interaction of demand and supply.
在传统的经济分析中，垄断被认为是完全竞争的对立面。
In conventional economic analysis, the monopoly case is taken as the polar opposite of perfect competition.
从生产者的角度来看，古诺均衡劣于垄断，优于完全竞争。
So from the point of view of the producers, this Cournot Equilibrium is worse than monopoly, but better than perfect competition.
完全竞争是影子价格等于机会成本和市场价格的充分条件。
In a perfectly competitive market, the shadow price of resource is also its opportunity and its market price.
作者们指出了一个经济学中行之有效的理论，向完全竞争的接近不总是好的。
The authors point to a well-established principle in economics, that incremental moves towards perfect competition are not always good.
分析美国租金管制对完全竞争市场、对住房业以及对人们的影响；
The paper analyses the effect of the Rent Control Policy in the United States on the competitive market, the residence and the people.
现实中保险市场可分为寡头垄断、垄断竞争及完全竞争三种市场结构。
The practical insurance market can be classified as following: oligopoly, monopoly, and competitive markets.
电力市场是一个不完全竞争的市场，发电商可通过策略性投标增加收益。
The electricity market is not perfect competitive, the power suppliers will try to increase their own profits by developing bidding strategies.
这样的企业在完全竞争市场上不能将外部性内在化，配置资源效率低下。
In the competitive market, such enterprises can't make externality internality and have low effects in resources' distribution.
市场结构，例如完全竞争和垄断，也被考察，对于行为和经济效率的影响。
Market structures, such as perfect competition and monopoly, are examined as to implications for behavior and economic efficiency.
电力市场是不完全竞争市场，发电企业将通过竞标策略来追求最大的收益。
Electricity spot markets are Imperfect competitive markets. Power generation firms always pursue maximum profits through bidding strategies.
出于竞争政策的目的，最相关的原因是存在市场势力，或者缺乏完全竞争。
For the purposes of competition policy, the most relevant of these is the existence of market power, or the absence of perfect competition.
应用实物期权方法研究完全竞争市场环境下的供应链管理中的能力决策问题。
This paper applies the real-option approach to study the capacity decision in supply chain management under perfect competitive markets.
美国证券市场运行环境近似于完全竞争的市场状况，也存在显著的市场失灵。
The American security market environment is more approximate to the condition of complete competition and still has significant market ineffectiveness.
有效竞争理论是美国经济学家克拉克针对完全竞争概念的非现实性而提出的。
The Effective competition Theory was raised by Clark, the Americaneconomist, regarding the non-actuality of complete competition concept.
在完全竞争或平均利润下降趋势下，风险产品成为人们谋求利益最大化的工具。
Risk becomes a tool that is held by people to pursue the paranormal return under the perfect competition or the downing average profit.
针对完全竞争的市场，考察随机需求下单周期产品两阶段销售的渠道协调问题。
According to the perfect competitive market, we consider the channel coordination question under the uncertain demand and the marketing mode of single-cycle and two-period selling.
李嘉图的比较优势理论是建立在完全竞争与规模报酬不变等一系列假设条件之下的。
The Comparative Advantage Theory of David Ricardo is constructed on a series of assumptions including perfect competition and constant returns to scale.
由于干散货航运市场是一个几乎完全竞争的市场，运价会在较短时间内出现较大变化。
Because the dry bulk Cargo market is almost a perfect competition market, Freight will be in a relatively short time to a larger change.
由于学校教育并非完全竞争市场，因此，就要根据学校教育的特性来调控教育的运行。
As schooling is not in a pure competitive market, we must regulate and control schooling operation according to its features.
针对完全竞争的市场，考察了融入信息更新情形下单周期产品两阶段销售的渠道协调问题。
According to the perfect competitive market, we consider the channel coordination question under the information updating and the marketing mode of single-cycle and two-period selling.
从市场中的“厂商”、“产品”、价格等要素来看，我国目前的审计市场显示为完全竞争市场。
The auditing market in China is a perfect competition market now, judging from the market factor such as suppliers, products, price and so on.
然后介绍了在完全竞争和无外部效应条件下城市土地利用的区位模型，这是最基本的理论模型；
Then I talk about the location model of the urban land utilization in condition of the complete competitive and non-eternal effect, which is the basic theory model.
此外，本文还发现不完全竞争的市场结构会通过影响买卖双方的交易策略而降低市场的交易效率。
Besides, the author finds that the imperfect market structure influences trader's strategy, and accordingly debases trading efficiency.
中国劳动力市场在不完全竞争的基础上具有一些特质，因而工资粘性很强并且形成的微观原因很特殊。
The labor market in China not only is imperfect competition, but also has some other features, so the wage stickiness is strong and the micro-cause is very special.
然而，在不完全竞争的环境中，产品价格就会超过社会边际成本，从而导致人为的部门间增加值转移。
However, if the sector is imperfectly competitive, the price will exceed the social marginal cost and we'll see value added being artificially transferred between sectors.
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