与在化石记录14亿年前出现的称为Grypaniaspiralis的第一种真正的多细胞生物相比，这些标本还要更早。
The specimens predate the first truly multicellular organism, called Grypania spiralis, which appeared in the fossil record 1.4 billion years ago.
而当科学家们确实在深海发现这种多细胞有机生物时，他们曾猜想这些生物是从富氧水域沉降而来的。
When scientists did find multicellular organisms, they assumed that they'd sunk from oxygen-enriched waters.
地球深层多细胞生物的发现，对于在太阳系其它行星寻找地下生命也有重要的启示。
The discovery of multicellular life in the deep subsurface of the Earth also has important implications for the search for subsurface life on other planets in our solar system.
如果真的是这样，那么，现代领鞭虫就给了我们一个窥探多细胞生物如何形成的机会。
If that's true, modern choanoflagellates give us a glimpse of how multicellular animals began.
研究人员在深海首次发现一种生活在完全无氧环境中的多细胞生物，他们将这种生物命名为Loricifera。
Researchers have found in the deep ocean the first-known kinds of multicellular organisms, dubbed Loricifera, that live completely oxygen-free. Cynthia Graber reports.
细胞存活与凋亡之间的平衡是多细胞生物正常发育与稳态的关键。
The balance between cell survival and apoptosis is crucial for normal development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms.
与生命本身的起源相比，多细胞生命形态的起源似乎是相对简单的一步。
The origin of multicellular forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself.
同时细菌也没闲着，产生信号阻碍真菌的繁殖，阻止其从单细胞的形式转化成分枝的多细胞真菌。
The bacterium, meanwhile, produces signals that keep the yeast's growth in check, preventing it from transforming itself from a single-celled yeast into a branching, multicellular fungus.
基因从一种有机体横向转移到另一有机体的现象是少见的，尤其是在多细胞生物之间更是如此，他说，但这也可能是湖鲟生物进化进程的一个组成部分。
Lateral gene transfer from one organism to another is rare, especially in multicellular animals, he said, but could be part of some evolutionary process for the sturgeon.
毫无疑问，几乎所有的多细胞生物中都发现了癌症，这暗示着癌症的起源可以追溯到数百万年前。
Sure enough, cancer is found in almost all multicellular organisms, suggesting its origins stretch back hundreds of millions of years.
细菌不仅仅是单独的细胞，也不只是一个个群体，而是一个多物种群落，相互联系交流，关键这其中还包括我们人类。
Bacteria aren't just isolated cells, or even isolated populations, but multi-species communities that communicate with each other and, crucially, us.
20亿年前的古老化石可能是地球上最早的多细胞生物。
2-billion-year-old Fossils May Be Earliest Known Multicellular life.
人们对于iPS细胞，或者干细胞的密切关注，多源于其可以代替受损或患病组织的潜力。
Much of the excitement over iPS cells, and stem cells in general, arises from the possibility that they could replace damaged or diseased tissue.
表明褪黑激素可能在低温条件下通过调节植物细胞内多胺的合成而提高抵御冷害的能力。
Melatonin could enhance the resistance to chilling injury by regulating the synthesis of polyamine in plant cells.
维持细胞增殖和细胞凋亡的平衡对多细胞有机体的发育和生命的维持至关重要。
Equilibrium of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis is very important to individual growth and vital sustain.
通过重点研究每个基因可获得的能源，莱恩和马丁表明，一个真核细胞平均惊人地可维持比细菌多20万倍的基因。
By focusing on the energy available per gene, Lane and Martin showed that an average eukaryotic cell can support an astonishing 200,000 times more genes than bacteria.
然而与进化上更古老的单细胞生物如细菌相比这些多细胞生命面临着一个非常不同的生理挑战。
But there was still a very different physiological challenge for these organisms than for the more evolutionarily ancient single-celled organisms such as bacteria.
德特勒夫·阿伦德特博士(Detlev Arendt)工作于德国海德尔堡的欧洲分子生物研究中心，现在他认为他能够证明多恩博士理论的正确性，他的证据发表在本周的细胞杂志上。
Detlev Arendt of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg now thinks he can demonstrate that Dohrn was right. His evidence is published this week in Cell magazine.
个人之于社会等于身体的细胞，要一个人身体健全，不用说必须每个细胞都健全。——闻一多。
Individual in the society is equal to the cells of the body, to the body of a person sound, needless to say to every cell of sound. — Wen Yiduo.
胚胎干细胞有变成任意类型细胞的潜能，这种特性叫多潜能。
Embryonic stem cells have the potential to be any type of cells, a characteristic known as pluripotency.
这种所谓的诱导多潜能干细胞，缩写是：IPS细胞，现在可以变成任何类型的细胞。
These so-called induced pluripotent stem cells, or IPS cells, could now become any cell.
她对蓝莓多酚是否在脂肪细胞的分化（相对没特化的细胞获得脂肪细胞的具体特征的过程）中起作用进行了研究。
She tested whether the blueberry polyphenols played a role in adipocyte differentiation, which is the process where a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an adipocyte.
HST的研究者们用一种在医疗上已广泛应用的学名为聚乙二醇(PEG)的多聚体来封装细胞，构成了他们的“生物乐高积木”。
The HST researchers built their “biological Legos” by encapsulating cells within a polymer called polyethylene glycol (PEG), which has many medical uses.
麦粒肿是局部多形核白细胞和坏死组织所形成的脓肿，其症状包括疼痛，局部皮肤发热、肿胀和水肿。
Hordeola are focal abscesses of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and necrotic debris with symptoms of pain, warm, swelling, and edema.
他富含一种叫做多酚的化学物质，其可以减少自由基从而降低细胞和DNA损害。
It contains chemicals called polyphenols that reduce the presence of free radicals, which cause cell and DNA damage.
科学家还认为，这种药草有比其他植物多10至20倍的褪黑激素：它是一种可能抑制癌细胞增长的抗氧化剂。
The scientists also report that this herb has 10 to 20 times more melatonin -- an antioxidant that may inhibit cancer growth -- than any other fruit or vegetable tested.
细胞被封装于立方体后，它们就可以通过由聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)——一种也已被广泛用于医疗配件中的含硅多聚体——制成的模板被赋予各种形状。
Once the cells are in cube form, they can be arranged in specific shapes using templates made of PDMS, a silicon-based polymer used in many medical devices.
她使用来自实验用老鼠的组织培养来做试验，给予不同剂量的蓝莓多酚看它们对脂肪细胞分化的影响。
She experimented on tissue cultures taken from lab mice, giving each different doses of blueberry polyphenols to see their effect on adipocyte differentiation.
耐多药(mdr)蛋白最为人知的是有助于癌细胞排出抗癌药物(因而得名)，但是也会输送化合物出入正常的细胞。
Multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins are best known for helping cancer cells expel anticancer drugs - hence their name - but they also ferry compounds in and out of normal cells.
比如，如果某个细胞外面的水比细胞内的水多，水就会从外面流入细胞中，直至细胞内外的水达到同一浓度为止。
For example, if there is more water outside of a cell than inside, water will try to flow into the cell until there is the same concentration of water on either side of the cell's membrane.
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