如果一个复制的基因与原来的有些许不同，那就叫做基因突变。
If a copy of a gene is a bit different from the original, that's called a genetic mutation.
创始者突变是一类引起疾病的基因突变，每一种都源自其自身祖先的“创始者”。
Founder mutations are a class of disease-causing genetic mutations, each derived from its own ancestral "founder" in whom the mutation originated.
与转基因食品不同，太空蔬菜并没有经过基因突变。
Unlike genetically modified food, space vegetables have not been genetically changed.
目的是研究多发性皮脂腺囊肿一家系中角蛋白17的基因突变情况。
The objective is to analyse the mutation of K17 gene in a pedigree with steatocystoma multiplex.
为此，他们研究因为罕见的基因突变而自然肥胖的老鼠。
To find out, they studied mice that were naturally obese because of a rare genetic mutation.
我们发现很多基因突变以后在实验室条件下没有可见的表型。
Many genes have been found that, when mutated, show no visible phenotypic effects under laboratory conditions.
因此，当这些基因突变或是出现问题时，随之而来的就是癌症。
It is when these genes mutate and go wrong that cancer develops.
香烟里的致癌物会破坏dna，从而导致基因突变并促发癌症。
Carcinogens in the smoke damage DNA, which often results in mutations in genes that promote the development of cancer.
结果显示，基因突变小鼠的心脏会间歇性的漏掉一拍。
The results showed that the hearts of the mutated mice skipped beats intermittently.
管理细胞生长和死亡的基因突变可以影响大脑皮质区的解剖学特征。
Mutations in genes governing cell growth and death can affect the anatomy of a region of cortex.
但科学家们目前尚不能确定这种基因突变是如何改变人们睡眠时间的。
The researchers are not yet certain how the gene mutation works to shift people's sleep time.
视网膜炎色斑有很多种不同的症状，每一个都由不同的基因突变引起。
There are many different forms of the disorder, each caused by mutations in a different gene.
近年来，（科学家）发现多个基因突变会增加妇女患上乳腺癌的风险。
In recent years, several gene mutations have been discovered that increase a woman's risk of breast cancer.
更多的研究揭示出细胞的基因突变导致了癌症，刺激了癌细胞的生长。
Studies are rapidly revealing the genetic changes in cells that cause cancer and spur its growth.
基因突变时会引发肿瘤，但是是一个老鼠的免疫系统能攻击和摧毁的。
When mutated, the gene causes a tumor, but one that the rat's immune system can attack and destroy.
甚至相同种类的基因突变也已表现出生态系统如何悬崖勒马并自我修复。
Even genetic variation within the same species has been shown to affect how well ecosystems pull up their socks and repair themselves.
但是到现在为止，遗传学者仅发现少量的的基因突变导致肥胖的孤立案例。
However, so far, geneticists have found only rare gene mutations that contribute to isolated cases of obesity.
更多的线索来自实验鼠身上，基因突变使得它们部分地再生长出断掉的脚趾。
More clues are coming from lab mice that have a genetic mutation that allows them to partially regrow severed digits.
有这种基因突变的人身体对胰岛素的需要非常小，所以不得糖尿病。
The mutation seems to prevent diabetes by allowing people to get by on very low levels of insulin, Long says.
但是研究者猜想有一个基因突变使得有些人在生长过程中跳过指纹的形成过程。
But researchers suspect a mutation in one gene allows some people to skip the process of forming fingerprints during development.
他们是通过将老鼠基因改造使其更易于传递基因突变达到这个效果的。
They did this by genetically modifying mice to make them prone to passing on genetic mutations.
同样，如果用的样本是DNA而不是RNA的话，就可以检查基因突变的情况。
The same process can detect genetic variations if a sample of DNA, rather than RNA, is poured over a suitable array.
当出现一个基因突变时，生物进化并不能快速更新基因代码的其余部分。
When a mutation is added, evolution can't quickly update the rest of the genetic code.
科学家在一群厄瓜多尔人身上发现了一种罕见的基因突变，有望据此揭开长寿的谜底。
Scientists have discovered a group of people in Ecuador with a rare gene mutation that could reveal ways to extend the human life span.
但是同样，大脑皮质区也受到管理感觉器官(手，四肢及嘴)成长的基因突变的影响。
But likewise, cortex gets affected by mutations in genes governing the growth of sensory appendages such has hands, limbs and bills.
科学家们发现多基因和基因突变似乎和自闭症有关，但它比遗传学更加复杂。
Scientists have identified multiple genes and mutations that seem to be related to ASDs, but it's more complex than just genetics.
科学家们发现多基因和基因突变似乎和自闭症有关，但它比遗传学更加复杂。
Scientists have identified multiple genes and mutations that seem to be related to ASDs, but it's more complex than just genetics.
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