古菌群落特征显著，呈明显垂直分布。
Characteristics of Archaea community was significant, which shown a vertical distribution.
嗜盐古菌是一类生活在高盐环境中的古细菌。
Halophilic archaea had been isolated from various hypersaline environments.
病毒已知感染动物，植物，真菌，原生动物，古菌和细菌。
Viruses are already known to infect animals, plants, fungi, protozoa, archaea, and bacteria.
第三大“域”是古菌域，在显微镜下察看时，古菌看起来像细菌。
The third great domain of life, the archaea, look, under a microscope, like bacteria.
聚类分析结果显示，作物类型会影响土壤古菌群落结构。
The cluster analysis showed that crop type impacts the community structure of soil archaea.
研究结果表明，长期定位施肥明显影响土壤中的古菌组成。
Our results showed that long-term fertilization significantly affected soil archaeal community structure;
六个广泛的取向：植物、动物、真菌、原生生物、细菌、古菌。
Six different broad approaches: the plants, the animals, the fungi, the protists, the little things -- the bacteria and the Archaea bacteria.
在这种极端环境中仍然存在一定的微生物种群，主要是细菌与古菌。
However, microorganisms are still observed in these harsh environments, mainly bacteria and archaea.
本文对细菌分类学、嗜盐古菌的研究和BR蛋白结构、功能和应用进行了概述。
In this dissertation, we reviewed the development of bacterial taxonomy, the study on halophilic archaea. and the structure, function and application of BR protein.
近年来厌氧氨氧化细菌和氨氧化古菌的发现，提示环境中氨氧化过程及其微生物驱动者的复杂性。
Until recently, the findings of anaerobic oxidizing (anammox) bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) indicate that ammonia oxidation and the prokaryotes participate in this process are complex.
产甲烷古菌（methanogens）是一种化能自养生物，它能利用二氧化碳和氢合成甲烷，而不需要太阳参与。
Methane-producing archaea (methanogens) are a type of chemolithotroph that can use carbon dioxide and hydrogen to make methane without ever seeing the sun.
最近，纽芬兰岛海岸的海床之下1.6千米深处取出的砂心泥中，发现了活着的细胞，其中很多是热球菌纲火球菌属的古菌。
Recently, living cells - many of which are Archaea from the Pyrococcus and Thermococcus genera - were found in a mud core taken from 1.6 km below the sea floor off the coast of Newfoundland.
至于其重要性，古菌群在最开始被认定为自成一类时，也被视为无关紧要——但是它们释放甲烷的特性现在已被纳入气候变化的考察因素。
As to importance, when originally identified as distinct, the archaea, too, were regarded as marginal-yet their methane-generating properties are now a factor in climate-change calculations.
或者是否还有其他的生物“域”隐藏在某个神秘角落？ ——不为人所知，就好像古菌一样，因为生物学家误用观察工具所致，默默无闻多时。
Or are there other biological domains hiding in the shadows—missed, like the archaea were for so long, because biologists have been using the wrong tools to look?
这种古生菌是迄今为止发现的最小的生物体中的一种。
The individual archaeans are some of the smallest organisms ever found.
古生菌，比如链球菌，将DNA转录成蛋白质会非常困难——实际上与细菌相比，古生菌的蛋白质合成过程与人类的蛋白质合成过程更相似。
An archaean converts DNA into proteins very differently from, say, streptococcus-in fact, protein synthesis in archaea is more similar to the human process than to bacteria.
虽然，像细菌一样，古生菌也没有细胞核，但是它们与你我这样的真核生物具有其他共同的特性。
While, like bacteria, archaeans don't have a cell nucleus, they share other traits with eukaryotes like you and me.
在足够溶化金属的酸水中，古生菌形成了一层生物膜，研究人员将这层生物膜称为“红毯带”，因为它们看起来就像粉红色的玻璃纤维隔离层。
In water acidic enough to dissolve metal, archaeans form biofilms that researchers call "blanket strips" because they look like pink fiberglass insulation.
这个月发表在《环境微生物学杂志》(Environmental Microbiology)上的一篇研究，描述了一个长到3厘米长的“巨型”古生菌，而且几乎不需要放大就能看见(厚度仅有0.1毫米)。
A study published this month in Environmental Microbiology describes a "giant" archaean that grows to 3 centimeters long and is nearly visible without magnification (it's just 0.1 mm thick).
像其他古生菌一样，这种古生菌的基因组同时与真核生物和细菌的基因组具有一些相似性。
Like other archaeans, their genomes share some similarities with both eukaryotes and bacteria.
但是这也并不意味着没有病毒可以影响到古生菌。
But this doesn't mean there are no viruses that affect the Archaea.
古生菌还具有完全与细菌和真核生物不同的细胞膜。
Archaeans have cell membranes that are completely different from both bacteria and eukaryotes.
古生菌被归为不太重要的二等类别，或许是因为它是新近才被发现的——首次提议将古生菌作为单独的类别是在1977年。
Perhaps Archaea has been relegated to its seemingly second-class status because it is a relatively recent discovery—the separate domain was first proposed in 1977.
但是将古生菌归在细菌这个类别下面，在生物学上便讲不通。
But lumping Archaea in with Bacteria simply doesn't make biological sense.
但需要特别注意的是：他只是统计了真核生物，也就是那些细胞相对复杂的动物，而把细菌以及古生菌排除在外了。
But there are some important caveats: it counts only the eukaryotes, that is, critters with relatively complex cells.
一项最新研究显示了古生菌的重要性。为了了解所有的生物，可以将生物划分为三大类，古生菌便是这三大类中的一类生物。
NEW RESEARCH SHOWS THE IMPORTANCE OF ARCHAEA, ONE OF THREE DOMAINS INTO WHICH ALL LIVING THINGS ARE CLASSIFIED, FOR UNDERSTANDING ALL OF BIOLOGY.
所有的生命形式可以划分为三大类：真核生物(包括植物，动物，真菌，以及其他生物)、细菌以及古生菌。
All of life can be divided into three domains: Eukarya (including plants, animals, fungi, and other organisms) Bacteria, and Archaea.
最早识别出这种古生菌的研究者吉尔·班菲尔德(JillBanfield)还发现了其他神秘的特征，比如神秘的管状结构，这种结构的功能目前还不清楚。
The researchers who first identified them, led by Jill Banfield, have found other enigmatic features such as mysterious tubular structures whose function is not yet known.
为了研究分析嗜盐古生菌物种与细菌视紫红质(BR)蛋白基因资源，分离纯化得到极端嗜盐古生菌ab3。
In order to study and analyze the species and bacteriorhodopsin (BR) protein resource, a strain of extremely halophilic archaea AB3 was isolated.
为了研究分析嗜盐古生菌物种与细菌视紫红质(BR)蛋白基因资源，分离纯化得到极端嗜盐古生菌ab3。
In order to study and analyze the species and bacteriorhodopsin (BR) protein resource, a strain of extremely halophilic archaea AB3 was isolated.
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