过去，学生会被建议去买一本厚厚的双语词典作为学习英语的工具。
In the past, students were recommended to buy a thick bilingual dictionary as a tool to learn English.
近年来，科学家开始表明双语的优势比与更多人进行交流更为重要。
In recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more important than being able to converse with a wider range of people.
那些主要说外语的学生并不完全是双语使用者，他们才刚刚开始学英语。
The students who were dominant in a foreign language weren't yet comfortably bilingual; they were just starting to learn English.
与传统的单语课程不同，双语课堂旨在从中学开始培养学生使用两种语言的能力。
Unlike traditional monolingual programs, bilingual classrooms aim at developing students' ability to use two languages by middle school.
索瑞斯说：“双语者可以集中注意力而不分心，不同任务间进行切换的能力也有所提高。”
"Bilinguals can pay focused attention without being distracted and also improve in the ability to switch from one task to another," says Sorace.
事实上，大多数美国以外的孩子都被期望成为双语者，或者——在很多情况下——甚至是多语者。
In fact, most children outside of the United States are expected to become bilingual or even, in many cases, multilingual.
一项研究发现，在双语环境下成长的人和后天开始学习第二语言的人之间，大脑结构有相似的变化。
A study found that there are similar changes in brain structure between those who are bilingual from birth and those who start learning a second language later.
最著名的是，加州在1998年通过了227号提案，旨在大幅减少英语学习者置身双语环境的时间。
Most famously, California passed Proposition 227 in 1998. It was intended to sharply reduce the amount of time that English language learners spent in bilingual settings.
从小在双语环境下长大的孩子必须关注社交线索，以弄明白在什么环境下与什么人交流该使用哪种语言。
Young children being raised bilingual have to follow social cues to figure out which language to use with which person and in what setting.
研究发现，在（学生）种族比例和（家庭）经济水平趋于平衡的双语课堂有助于孩子们适应社会和文化的多样性。
Ethnically and economically balanced bilingual classrooms are found to be helpful for kids to get used to social and cultural diversity.
加州大学河滨分校的教授朱迪思·克罗尔表示：“在过去20年左右的时间里，对双语的研究实际上出现了爆炸式增长。”
"In the last 20 years or so, there's been a virtual explosion of research on bilingualism," says Judith Kroll, a professor at the University of California, Riverside.
双语课程可能是个例外。
一位研究人员称双语经历会对人的大脑产生终生的影响。
According to a researcher, dual-language experiences exert a lifelong influence on one's brain.
一项研究表明，双语学生在英语阅读方面明显优于同龄人。
A study showed that dual-language students did significantly better than their peers in reading English texts.
双语教育的提倡者认为，双语教育能产生积极的影响，尽管这些影响可能有限。
Advocates of bilingual education argued that it produces positive effects though they may be limited.
与此同时，公立学校中最热门的潮流之一就是所谓的双语言或双向浸入式课程。
At the same time, one of the hottest trends in public schooling is what's often called dual-language or two-way immersion programs.
在与这些研究人员交谈时，一个引人注目的主题是，他们强烈提倡开设双语课堂。
One theme that was striking in speaking to all these researchers was just how strongly they advocated for dual-language classrooms.
相比之下，双语课堂则用英语和目标语言为英语母语者和英语学习者提供跨学科的教学。
Dual language classrooms, by contrast, provide instruction across subjects to both English natives and English learners, in both English and a target language.
由于双语者能更好地专注于他们正在做的事情，所以他们通常比单语者在完成某些任务时做得更好。
Bilingual speakers often do better than monolinguals in completing certain tasks because they can concentrate better on what they are doing.
俄勒冈州波特兰市公立学校中，大约10%的学生经过抽签被分配到双语课堂，除了接受英语教学，还有西班牙语、日语或中文教学。
About 10 percent of students in the Portland, Oregon public schools are assigned by lottery to dual-language classrooms that offer instruction in Spanish, Japanese or Mandarin, alongside English.
山本（2001）发现年龄和双语能力之间的联系。
贝尔普利设立双语故事时间，购买西班牙语书籍，并实施文化项目。
Belpré instituted bilingual story hours, purchased Spanish-language books, and implemented cultural programs.
双语大脑延缓衰老产生的影响。
这样，我们让单语者和双语者模拟驾车。
So we put monolinguals and bilinguals into a driving simulator.
这种模式称之为：过渡型双语教学模式。
你试过电脑控制的扬声器提供的双语服务吗？
Have you ever tried getting a bilingual service from a computerized speaker?
她的工作是双语秘书。
但是，双语患者要很久才会显示出外在的病兆。
But the bilingual patient does not show the outward symptoms of the disease until much later on.
在双语家庭长大的孩子在同龄人中有明显的优势。
And children who grow up in bilingual households have a distinct advantage over their peers.
在双语家庭长大的孩子在同龄人中有明显的优势。
And children who grow up in bilingual households have a distinct advantage over their peers.
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