前病毒整合位点、靶细胞特性和整合后的载体结构与转入基因表达的稳定性紧密相关。
The integration sites of provirus, the nature of the target cells and the structure of vectors were closely related to the stability of gene expression.
目的研究干血斑(DBS)样本用于人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV - 1)感染前病毒DNA基因诊断的可行性。
Objective To assess the feasibility of detection of HIV-1 proviral DNA on Dried Blood Spot (DBS) samples by nested-PCR assay.
研究者发现生于1918年前的人更容易产生能中和猪流感病毒的抗体。
The researchers also analyzed samples collected from humans, and found that those born before 1918 were more likely to produce antibodies capable of neutralizing the swine flu virus.
农业部动物健康首席兽医johnr.Clifford博士说，同样的制造疫苗防止猪感染H1N1病毒的工作数星期前已经开展。
Similar work began several weeks ago to make a vaccine to protect pigs from the H1N1 virus, said Dr. John r. Clifford, the chief veterinary officer for animal health for the Department of Agriculture.
科学家认为这种病毒是5年前从马传染到狗身上的，但从未感染过人类。
Scientists believe the virus jumped from horses to dogs 5 years ago, but it has never infected a human.
这并不是第一个合成的病毒——某种脊髓灰质炎病毒已在一年前制造出来——却是唯一一个具有百分之一活性的病毒，花了三年时间才合成成功。
This was not the first synthetic virus — a polio virus had been made a year before — but it was only one ten-thousandth as active and it took three years to do.
最近的担忧激发了大量研究，我们现在比四年前更加了解流感病毒和大流行问题。
Recent concern has stimulated enormous research, and we know much more about influenza viruses and pandemics than we did four years ago.
大约12年前，这些病毒进化重组形成新的病毒，这种病毒对人的伤害更快速，使得流感病毒的检测更加重要。
And about 12 years ago, those viruses began evolving and recombining into new forms that could sicken humans much faster than before, making monitoring a bigger priority.
15年前，该实验室被废弃不用，实际上，这里仍进行一些病毒传染研究。
It was abandoned 15 years ago and, in reality, some viral infections were studied here.
在此过程中，病毒暴露在无效药物前会呈现绿色，因此可迅速区分医治天花的无效和可能有效药物。
In the process, the virus glows green when exposed to an ineffective drug, thus allowing rapid distinction between ineffective and potentially effective drugs against smallpox.
病毒跟我们是一家人：科学家认为，十多亿年前一个大的DNA病毒在细菌细胞内居住并形成了第一个细胞核。
We are family: Scientists suspect that a large DNA-based virus took up residence inside a bacterial cell more than a billion years ago to create the first cell nucleus.
在这种情况下，一旦提供了具体的检测前信息，一般都将进行艾滋病毒检测，除非患者拒绝检测。
In these circumstances, once specific pre-test information has been provided, the HIV test would ordinarily be performed unless the patient declines.
今天在莱索托开始了一项运动，目标是在2007年底前向所有的家庭提供艾滋病毒检测和咨询。
Today in Lesotho a campaign begins to offer HIV testing and counselling to all households by end 2007.
几乎可以肯定这是一场病毒式市场营销活动，目的是在产品发布一到两周前逗弄大众。
It's almost certainly a viral marketing campaign teasing people ahead of some launch in a week or two.
这位病人是位60出头的杰出艺术家，他20年前就患有病毒型肝炎，曾是肝脏移植候选者。
A gifted artist in his early 60s, the patient was a liver transplant candidate who learned he had hepatitis B some 20 years earlier.
这却并非第一个人工病毒；前一年，纽约州立大学石溪分校的一个小组复制了脊髓灰质炎病毒。
It was not the first artificial virus; a team at the State University of New York, in Stony Brook, had made a copy of the polio virus the previous year.
在进行移植前，病人被发现感染了少量的一种HIV病毒，X4。这种病毒不利用CCR5作为受体来感染细胞。
Before undergoing the transplant, the patient was also found to be infected with low levels of a type of HIV known as X4, which does not use the CCR5 receptor to infect cells.
由于包括卡式肺囊虫肺炎在内的其他呼吸道感染，在HIV病毒感染者身上很常见，医生在使用某些抗生素前必须对诊断结果确认无疑。
Because other forms of respiratory infection including PCP are common among HIV-infected people, doctors must be certain of diagnosis before administering antibiotics.
该病毒在4000万年前就已经感染我们的猴子祖先，从此它的基因被传递下来。
The virus infected our monkey-like ancestors 40 million years ago, and its genes have been passed down ever since.
她在文中写道，2004年后的某一天，基贝拉的人口预测数据开始上涨，“在我们发现这一点前，夸张的数据已经像病毒一样大肆传播”。
Sometime after 2004, she wrote, population estimates for Kibera started to rise, and “Before we knew it, the figure spread like a virus.”
2007年和2008年期间，共有140万名结核病患者进行了艾滋病毒检测，比前一年增加了20万人。
Between 2007 and 2008, 1.4 million TB patients were tested for HIV, representing an increase of 200,000 from the previous year.
2007年和2008年期间，共有140万名结核病患者进行了艾滋病毒检测，比前一年增加了20万人。
Between 2007 and 2008, 1.4 million TB patients were tested for HIV, representing an increase of 200,000 from the previous year.
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