这个世界上前提为真真假，结论为假，这对吗？
So this world the premises are true true and false and the conclusion is true. Is that alright?
,论点前提为真，结论为假。
What about the last one, the premises of the argument is true and the conclusion false.
当你们评价归纳推广时，你们寻找的是前提为真吗？
When you are evaluating any inductive generalization you're looking for is the premise true?
与现实相关，是的，今天不是星期五所以前提为假;
Relating to the real world, yes that's right, it's not Friday so that premise is false.
所有这些情境，两个前提为真，结论的否定也为真。
So there are all sort of situation where these two premises are true and so is the negation of the conclusion.
如果一个前提为假那就不能保证，结论的真理，对吗？
If one premise if false that doesn't guarantee the truth of the conclusion does it?
因为没有可能情境，其中前提为真结论为假。
Because there is no possible situation in which the premises are true and the conclusion false.
如果一个论点有效，如果前提为真，那么结论肯定为真。
If an argument is valid and if the premises are true then the conclusion must be true.
不，对不起，如果这些前提为真,那结论必定为真，对吗？
No I am sorry, if those premises are true that the conclusion has to be true doesn't it?
你们认为一个论点，如果前提为假，可能有效吗？
Do you think an argument could be valid if all its premises of the argument is false?
举手，好，前提为假，结论为真，这仍然有效吗？，很好。
Hand up. Alright the premises are false the conclusion is true could it still be valid? Yep good well done.
但是我再问问，有没有可能，前提为真结论为假。
But let me ask again, is there any possible situation where that premise is true and that conclusion is false.
不是，没有可能情境，前提为真结论为假，不是吗？
No sorry there are no possible situation where the premises are true and the conclusion false. Is there?
所以看看吧，有没有一个情境，前提为真结论为假。
So have a look at that. Is there a s situation in which the premises could be true and the conclusion false.
如果一个论点有效，那么前提为真，我们可以确定它的结论为真。
If an argument is valid, then it it's premises are true we can be certain its conclusion is true.
一个前提为真，另一个为假，结论为假，这看起来有效。
Here one premise is true and the other is false and the conclusion is false. That seems to be valid as well.
如果前提为真，结论必定为真，归纳论点没有确定性，而有可能性。
If the premises are true the conclusion must be true and an inductive argument you haven't got certainty you've got probability.
我再来提醒一下，论点有效，如果且仅如果前提为真，结论肯定为真。
Let me remind you again that an argument is valid if and only if the premises are true the conclusion must be true.
不同点是什么呢？答案是,如果前提为真，结论不可能为假。
What's the difference between them, the answer in this case if the premises are true the conclusion couldn't be false.
一个好的演绎论点是完好的，如果且仅如果这些都有效，并且前提为真。
A good deductive argument is sound if and only if it's both valid and has true premises.
所以你采用并支持结论，其中一个前提为真，很好，但是与结论不相关。
So you site and support of a conclusion, one of your premises is true so that's fine but it's irrelevant to the conclusion.
当你们开始评价论点的时候，我们做的是把条件设定，在前提为真的情况下。
When we get to evaluate arguments, what we do is set out the conditions under which premise is true.
教授：好，至少一个前提为假，对，他们可能都为假，或者可能是其中一个。
Prof. : right, at least one of the premises are false. That's right, they might all be false or it just might be one of them.
论点前提为真,结论为真，想想问题：,你们认为这种论点有效吗？
The premises of the argument are true and the conclusion is true. Okay think of the question: do you think arguments of this sort could be valid?
但是如果这个前提为真，这不确定为真，那么这个结论不一定可能为真，对吗？
But it's not certainly true and if this premise is true then this conclusion is not even probably true is it?
如果前提为真，那么结论肯定为真，论点的有效性，保存了前提的真理。
If the premises are true then the conclusion must be true so the validity of the argument preserves the truth of the premises.
不可能前提为真，结论为假，但是你们不明白，因为他循环，所以有效。
There's no possible situation where the premises are true and the conclusion false but what you don't see that it is only valid because it's circular.
他们都是无效的，有可能的情境，前提为真结论为假，他们都不是好论点。
They are both invalid there are possible situation where the premise is true and the conclusion false they are not good arguments.
我们能很容易得出前提为真，而结论为假的状况，因此这个论点是无效的。
There is easily situations where that's true and that's false therefore it's not valid.
本课程的前提为转型的中心议题包括在不同情况下制度的建立以及重建。
The premise of the course is that the core issue in transition involves institution-building and re-building in different contexts.
应用推荐