从制度经济学的角度来看，精英决策的模式缺乏制度效率。
From the point of institutional economy, the elite decision is lack of institutional efficiency.
实践证明，制度可以创造资本，制度效率决定了资本效率。
Practice has proved systems can create capital and system efficiency has determined the efficiency of capital.
契约对产权制度效率有直接影响，但其真实影响力远未得到开发。
Contract influences the land property institutions efficiency strongly, but its potential can not be exploited.
因此，应重构心理契约，将制度对象转变成制度的主体，以实现制度效率。
Therefore, re-establishing the psychological contract, and changing the institutional objects into its subjects are essential to fulfill the effectiveness of institution.
提升我国产品质量保证保险制度效率的关键在于控制该项制度本身的成本。
Thus, to control the cost becomes the key to enhance the efficiency of China' s product quality bond insurance system.
甚至说，从综合效率角度来衡量中国证券监管制度效率是更完善的，更准确的。
Even to say it is more perfect and accurate to weigh the efficiency of regulatory institutions from the Angle of general-efficiency in China.
内容提要契约作为制约我国农村土地产权制度效率的重要因素，其本身具有不完备特性。
As an important factor of restricting the land property institutions efficiency in China rural areas, the contract is incomplete.
在公司分立中如何保障中小股东、债权人以及职工的权益也关系到公司分立制度效率与安全价值取向的平衡。
Therefore, the protection of their rights and interests turns out to be especially necessary, which concerns the balance between the institutional efficiency and the value tendency of safety.
而且由于两者同属于经济法的范畴，具有相对同一的前提条件，对同一事物有不同的规定会造成制度效率损失。
And because they belong to the scope of economic law, a prerequisite for the same relative to the same things with different provisions would cause the loss of system efficiency.
其三是制度上的“春季扫除”——修改津贴制度，提高议员效率，将犯错最严重者清除出队伍。
And there is institutional spring cleaning—changing the allowances system, improving MPs’ usefulness and getting rid of the most grievous offenders.
其三是制度上的“春季扫除”——修改津贴制度，提高议员效率，将犯错最严重者清除出队伍。
And there is institutional spring cleaning—changing the allowances system, improving MPs' usefulness and getting rid of the most grievous offenders.
进步的技术伴随着效率更佳的工具、能源、农作物而来，新技术的采用使既有的社会制度逊于组织社会的其他方式。
An improved technology comesalong - a more efficient toolkit, source of energy, or crop - and itssubsequent adoption makes existing institutions inferior to alternative ways oforganising society.
制度应该用来评价流程的效率，或者流程更改的效果。
Metrics should be used to measure the efficiency of the process or the effect of a process change.
为实行特别经济活动而作的最有效率的制度安排会是那个有最小交易成本的制度。
The most efficient institutional arrangement for carrying out a particular economic activity would be the one that minimised transaction costs.
缺少相应的监测和评价制度，因而不能确定政策和规章制度对采购体系效率和效性有何影响。
A lack of monitoring and evaluation tools to determine the impact of policies and regulations on the efficiency and effectiveness of the procurement system.
但有一点是：现行的医疗制度桎梏缠身-臃肿且效率低下。
But this much is: The current health care system is hard-wired to be bloated and inefficient.
此外，政策和制度须确保水资源的公平利用以及农产品的市场交易效率。
Furthermore, the policy and institutional framework has to ensure fair and equitable access to water resources and effective access to markets for agricultural products.
西班牙劳动力体系的双重制度毫无效率和公平可言。
Spain's two-tier Labour system is inefficient as well as unfair.
一个有效的破产制度可以有效地将资源由低效率生产转向高效率生产。
An ideal bankruptcy system would transfer resources efficiently from less productive to more productive USES.
这种临时性合约和刚性的工资制度一起影响着西班牙的生产效率。
The impact on Spain’s productivity is compounded by rigid wage rules.
由于新体制的功能尚未完善，致使建筑市场交易成本过高，交易秩序出现混乱，影响了招标投标制度的效率。
Since the new system functions are not perfect, resulting in the construction market transaction costs, trade order and chaos, affecting the efficiency of the bidding system.
农业保险制度的效率决定了投保率变迁的速度、方向与均衡；
The efficiency of the agricultural insurance system determines the speed, direction and equilibrium of this evolution.
应当看到这是一项利弊共存的制度，它体现了理想与现实、公正与效率之间的矛盾与冲突。
It is a system with advantages and disadvantages, which demonstrates the contradiction and conflict between ideal and reality, between justice and efficiency.
因此，分工不仅受市场规模或范围的限制，实际上也受制度安排中交易效率的限制。
Therefore labor division is not only restricted by market scale or scope, but also bounded by transactional efficiency in arrangement of institution.
一个有了完善而又严密的内部控制制度的单位，必然效率很高，运转正常，能很好地实现预定目标。
One that has a prefect and tight inter control system must have high efficiency, turn round normally and could complete predetermined target very well.
因此，分工不仅受市场规模或范围的限制，实际上也受制度安排中交易效率的限制。
Therefore, division of labor is restricted not only by market scale or scope, but also restricted by transactional efficiency in the arrangement of institutions.
严格责任实行罪过推定、允许善意辩护，使得这一制度具有了合理内核，实现了效率与一般正义两价值的协调与统一。
Fault inference and goodwill defence in strict liability, making the system is a reasonable core, and the efficiency of the two values of justice and the general coordination and unification.
它为检察权的独立行使提供了制度保障，有效提高了检察机关的办案效率和质量。
It offers a system for ensuring to procuratorial powers independently, promoting the efficiency and quality to handle cases effectively.
它为检察权的独立行使提供了制度保障，有效提高了检察机关的办案效率和质量。
It offers a system for ensuring to procuratorial powers independently, promoting the efficiency and quality to handle cases effectively.
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