前科是指曾经被宣告犯有罪或被判处刑罚的事实。
Previous conviction refers to the facts that someone has been proclaimed crime or has been sentenced to penalties.
第三部分：刑罚的谦抑性在现实中存在的具体问题。
Part III: Restraining penalty in the specific problems existing in reality.
过失危险行为犯罪化的现实意义在于实现刑罚的目的。
Its operational significance lies in realizing the aim of penalty.
本条例并不影响归于行政长官赦免罪行或改判刑罚的权力。
Nothing in this ordinance shall affect any power vested in the chief executive to pardon offences or commute penalties.
社区矫正作为刑罚的执行方法还具有改善和实现刑罚功能的意义。
Community correction has great significance in improving and practicing the function of penalty when acted as the execution means of punishment.
明清时期，州县是基层的司法审判单位，又是具体刑罚的实施机构。
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the prefectures and counties were not only the basic units of judgment, but also the institutions to implement punishments.
第二章从刑罚的目的和效益理论出发分析了管制刑所具有的刑罚价值。
The chapter II analyzed the legal value of public surveillance after theory of intention and effectiveness had been researched.
如果你能暂时将你对人体刑罚的看法放下，考虑下对罚与罪之间平衡的影响。
If you can put aside your opinions about corporal punishment for just a moment, consider the impact of the balance between the punishment and the crime.
一般而言，社区矫正以刑罚的判处为前提，这实际上就界定了社区矫正的范围。
Generally speaking, penal sentence is the precondition of community correction. In fact, that limit the range of community correction.
从人道并非刑罚的价值要素这一命题，可以得出基于人道废止死刑是有条件的结论。
From the proposition that humanitarianism is not the value element of the penalty, we can conclude that the abolishment of penalty for advocating the idea of humanitarian is conditional.
刑罚的目的在此基础上需要进行重新整合与转换，树立报应基础上的综合刑罚根据论。
So the aims of penalty need new arrangement and conversion, and settle the new penal accordance thesis with the base of Nemesis.
然而，由于凯姆勒的案件违背第八修正案对酷刑和罕有刑罚的限制，凯姆勒提出上诉，处决被推迟。
The execution was delayed while Kemmler's case was appealed on the grounds that it violated the Eighth Amendment restriction against cruel and unusual punishment.
这些弊端严重阻碍了减刑制度本身功能的发挥，不能充分发挥其实效，实现刑罚的效益。
And the problem seriously hinder the coherent function of system for reducing, it can not play effectively and achieve penalty benefits in the practice.
此次法院当真认为对精神发育迟滞的人施用死刑的确违反了第八修正案禁止残酷刑罚的规定。
And indeed the Court this time held that executions of persons with mental retardation did violate the Eighth Amendment's proscriptions against cruel and unusual punishment.
人如果需要用对刑罚的惧怕来约束，需要对死后才能受到的回报所期望，那就确实可怜了。
Man would indeed be in a poor way if he had to be restrained by fear of punishment and hope of reward after death.
对应否通过刑罚的手段来遏制见危不救现象，可以从刑法学和法经济学两个角度进行分析。
Whether we should contain the phenomena of failing to rescue by the means of penalty, we can analyze from the angles of the criminal jurisprudence and the legal economics.
刑罚的目的是报应还是预防，自18世纪以来在学者中引起纷争，折衷主义学说由此产生。
Since 18th century, there has been a dispute about the purpose of penalty, which is retribution or defense, from which the compromised doctrine come into being.
所谓刑法精神，是指贯穿于刑法之中，作为刑法之基的关于犯罪与刑罚的基本观念或理念。
The so called spirit of criminal law refers to the basic concepts or notions of crime and punishment as the foundation of criminal law, which permeates through criminal law.
所以，一个宽恕死罪刑罚的社会将会产生关于谋杀的问题——两者都是同一观念水平的产物。
Thus, a society that condones capital punishment will always have a problem with murder - both are products of the same level of perception.
而财产刑则是此时刑罚的主导形式，可是它却与侵权行为法中的赔偿金和罚金难以真正区分。
Fine punishment is the most important penalty of this age, but it could not be clearly distinguished from the fine and compensation in the tort law.
本文全面论述了刑罚的目的，对当今传统的刑罚目的即一般预防和特殊预防提出了商榷意见。
The paper comprehensively expounds the purpose of penalty, putting forward different views on the traditional purpose of the penalty, that to is general prevention and special one.
非监禁刑的广泛适用代表了当今世界刑罚的发展趋势，在此背景下我国社区矫正工作也在开展。
The wide application of non - imprisonment punishment represents the development trend of world punishments, and community correction work in our country is carried out in this context.
刑法是规定犯罪、刑事责任和刑罚的法律，是国家审判机关据以进行刑事裁判并执行刑罚的根据。
The criminal law provides that crime, the criminal and penal laws, according to the national judicial organs for criminal penalties referees and the implementation of the basis.
规定这条法律的目的是告诫法庭要找出一个人为什么杀人，并让这个为什么作为减轻刑罚的准绳。
The object of this law is to caution the Court to seek to find out why a man killed and to allow that why to be the measure of the mitigation of the punishment.
要实现刑罚的效率，关键是使投入的刑罚成本恰到好处，同时刑罚成本资源间的配置达到最优组合。
In order to achieve the efficiency of penalty, the key step is an appropriate input of penalty cost, optimizing the allocation of penalty cost resources.
本文即从刑罚的公正性、刑罚的谦抑性以及刑罚的人道性三个方面对我国缓刑制度的价值进行分析。
This article analyzed the value of China's probation system from the three aspects of the penalty, the fairness, the modesty and the humanity.
本文的内容将会展示，关于犯罪与刑罚的经济学理论是将经济分析方法应用于非市场领域的成功范例。
The article will revelate that the economical theory on crime and punishment will be a successful example to applying the economy-analyzing method to the non-market field.
刑罚与教育的关系，刑罚的教育含量，教育政策占刑事政策的比重，是法制文明程度的重要标志之一。
The relationship between penalty and education, or the education content of penalty, or the proportion of educational policies in penal ones, is one of the important mark of legal civilization.
刑罚与教育的关系，刑罚的教育含量，教育政策占刑事政策的比重，是法制文明程度的重要标志之一。
The relationship between penalty and education, or the education content of penalty, or the proportion of educational policies in penal ones, is one of the important mark of legal civilization.
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