本文主要探讨国际刑法上的一个重要原则：上级命令不免除责任原则。
This paper is mainly discussing an important principle in the international criminal law: the principle that obedience to the order of a superior officer will not prevent a soldier from punishment.
笔者从犯罪原型与犯罪模型的两个不同层面，将“行为”分为“自然行为”、“犯罪行为”和“刑法上的行为”三个概念。
In view of two layers, the prototype of the crime and the model of the crime, the author separates 'act' into three concepts: natural act, criminal act and act in criminal law.
刑法上的等位利益冲突是在具体情形下予以评价的，包括作为义务冲突、不作为义务冲突及作为义务与不作为义务冲突三种情况。
The conflicts of equal interests in criminal law are assessed under specific conditions, including the conflict among the obligations of act, the obligations of omission, and both.
而实际上，因为刑法规范所能提供的仅仅是犯罪类型和相对确定的法定刑，类比推理其实在刑法适用中发挥着相当重要的作用。
In fact, because what the criminal law can prescribe is only crime types and relatively definite penalty, analogical reasoning plays important role in application of criminal law.
关于抢劫罪犯罪客体的内容，刑法理论认为侵犯了公私财产所有权，而所有权说的观点在理论及实践上存在诸多问题。
About the crime object of robbery, traditional criminal theory believes robbery infringes public and private property, and ownership theory has many problems in theory and reality.
定罪的一项基本任务就是区分罪与非罪、罪与罪的界限，准确地认定犯罪，这是刑法理论上的一个根本问题。
A basic task declared guilty distinguishes demarcating line of the crime and not crime, crime and guilty, Assert the crime accurately, this is a basic question in theory of criminal law.
在刑法理论上研究身份犯无论是对行为人的定罪还是量刑，都具有很大的理论价值和实践意义。
Theoretical studies about the status crime have theoretical value and practical significance to conviction and the measurement of penalty for the behavior.
紧急避险的必要限度在我国刑法典中并没有明确地界定，因而在司法实践中出现了操作上的空白。
Takes refuge from danger urgently the essential limit has not been clear about the boundary in our country penal code to decide, thus presented in the operation blank in the judicial practice.
俄罗斯官员已经用撤消工作许可证的方法对威胁工程项目停止，他们还警告会从刑法上检控壳牌公司的雇员违反了生态环境。
Russian officials have threatened to halt the project by revoking necessary operating permits and warning that they might criminally prosecute Shell employees over supposed ecological violations.
我国刑法在基本立场或基本精神上更加接近于古典派，更准确地说，是接近于新古典主义，带有明显的折衷或调和色彩。
As to the basic position and spirit, the criminal law of China is closer to the classical school, more exactly, the new classical school, which bears obvious characters of compromise or mediation.
整合纳入刑法后，军人违反职责罪在犯罪主体的规定上，仍然同刑法总则存在理论上的冲突。
Integrated into criminal law, the stipulation of the crime subjects in the crimes of soldiers violating military duties still theoretically contradicts to the general criminal law.
我国刑法学界对于英国刑法中的犯罪故意在理解上值得反思，英国刑法犯罪故意需从判例法和制定法两个角度加以理解。
The understanding to intention in UK criminal law from Chinese scholar at present is problematic, it should discuss the issue from common law and statutory law aspects.
QQ号码具有客观上的可管理可支配性，具有经济价值，属刑法意义上的“财物”，可以成为盗窃罪的犯罪对象。
The QQ numbers are objectively manageable and governable with economic values, which means they belongs to the "property" in Criminal Law and might become the object in the crime of stealing.
刑法因果关系是刑法学理论上的疑难问题，而认定刑法因果关系的标准则是疑难和争议的核心。
The causation of criminal law is the difficult problem of the theory of criminal jurisprudence, and the determine standard of causation of criminal law is the core of the problem and dispute.
间接正犯着手问题是间接正犯理论产生以来刑法理论上争论最为激烈的问题之一。
The issue of the commencement of the indirect principal is one of the most controversial issues in criminal law theory, since the indirect principal theory was created.
侵占罪作为1997年刑法增设的新罪名，理论上值得探讨的问题较多。
Embezzlement Penal Code in 1997 as additional new charges, theoretical question worth exploring more.
对二者关系采取有限的相关原则，能够在兼顾可实行性的基础上最大限度地实现刑法人权保障的价值追求。
About the relationship between the two things, principle of relevance not only can be put into practice easily but also can do good to guarantee freedom and human rights.
因此应积极完善现有的法律监督机制，在罪刑法定的基础上，实行有严格限制的类推。
Therefore, the current law supervisory institution must be perfected actively and on the basis of criminal punishment legalism, analogizing must be closely confined carried out.
对于具体的方法错误的归责，刑法理论上主要存在具体符合说和法定符合说的对立。
There are disagreements between doctrines of concrete accord and doctrines of legally prescribed accord in criminal theories on liability fixation of concrete strike mistake.
首先，刑法修正之所以必要有其法学理论上的根基，社会生活的变迁和解法典化运动都推动着刑法典修正的前行。
Firstly, the social vicissitudes and decodification beget amending penal code, which is coincident with jurisprudence. However, stability is the inherent need for code.
文章介绍了目前较为典型的几种职务犯罪概念，并在借鉴与分析的基础上，对刑法学中的职务犯罪概念作出了重新界定。
This article introduces several typical concepts of current duty crime, and defines it again on the basis of learning and analyzing it.
我国刑法中的假释是在借鉴和吸收外国假释制度规定的基础上制定而成的，既有假释制度的共性又有自己的特色。
Parole in China's criminal law was established on the basis of borrowing the parole systems of other countries. It has its uniqueness as well as commonalities of parole system.
对此，笔者进行了一定程度的思考，并结合中国的实际情况，认为有必要引入这一制度，用以解决理论上和司法实践中存在的问题，从而完善我国的刑法体系。
I think that it is useful to introduce this conception to Chinese criminal law to resolve some problems in Chinese criminal theory and judicial practice, and then consummate Chinese criminal system.
对此，笔者进行了一定程度的思考，并结合中国的实际情况，认为有必要引入这一制度，用以解决理论上和司法实践中存在的问题，从而完善我国的刑法体系。
I think that it is useful to introduce this conception to Chinese criminal law to resolve some problems in Chinese criminal theory and judicial practice, and then consummate Chinese criminal system.
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