人们普遍假设我们是受公共基金的资助，但我们大部分的资金是通过签订竞争性合同得到的。
There's a popular supposition that we're publicly funded but the bulk of our money comes from competitive contracts.
假设我们要比较2005年美国和法国的公民经济福利。
Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.
即使我们做出这些假设，我们对其他生命形式的理解仍然十分受限。
Even when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still severely limited.
有一种假设是，我们睡觉是为了让大脑自我修复和更新。
There is a hypothesis that we sleep so that our brain can repair and refresh itself.
假设为了让她高兴，我们在她睡觉时悄悄告诉她孩子们回来了。
Suppose, to make her happy, we whisper to her in her sleep that the brats are coming back.
因为有这种新的铀铅定年方法，我们才得以确定我们对大峡谷的一个主要假设是错误的。
Because of this, this new way of doing Uranium-Lead Dating, we've been able to determine that one of our major assumptions about the Grand Canyon was wrong.
把线上阅读考虑在内，我们就可以质疑那种认为为了乐趣而阅读的人数量在持续减少的假设。
Taking online reading into consideration, we can challenge the assumption that reading for pleasure continues to decrease.
“当我们看到那些生活在水深火热中的人们，”他说，那些假设“让我们觉得穷人很懒惰，但他们不在乎，也没有做出正确的决定。”
"When we see people who are struggling," he says, those assumptions "lead us to the perception that people in poverty are lazy, they don't care, and they haven't made the right decisions."
它证明了第二个假设——我们确实一直感知着所有事，但大脑对干扰的分类不同——也不是真实的。
It proved that the second hypothesis—that we do perceive everything all the time but the brain categorizes distractions differently—wasn't true either.
最后这一发现似乎与另一种流行的假设相矛盾，即我们给学生的作业负担正导致了所有的问题。
This last finding would appear to contradict another popular hypothesis that it is our burdening of students with assignments that is causing all the problems.
基于这些原因，我们可以假设在神经发育过程中一定存在一个重要的随机因素，特别是在所有正常大脑的发育过程中确实也会发生错误。
For such reasons, we can assume that there must be an important random factor in neural development, and in particular, that errors must and do occur in the development of all normal brains.
假设我在电话的另一端对我们所经历的美好天气发表评论，而另一端的人正在经历雨季？
Suppose I were to comment on the beautiful weather we've been having when there was a monsoon at the other end of the phone?
我们假设你们理解了反应堆物理，这主要是一门复习课程。
We're gonna assume that you understand reactor physics, and this is basically a refresher course.
这个假设很有意义，可能是我们读过的所有理论中最有意义的。
That hypothesis makes a lot of sense, maybe the most sense of all the theories we read about.
此外，如果历史是一个指南，那么我们可以假设，任何重大转变都会再次伴随着一系列意想不到的重大后果。
Moreover, if history is a guide, then we can assume that any major transformations will once again be followed by a huge set of unintended consequences.
假设你在人类经常迷路的地方丢失了方向，请寻找我们在周围地形上留下的痕迹。
Assuming you're lost in an area humans tend to frequently, look for the marks we leave on the landscape.
如果我们估算一下假设世界冰川融化所释放的水，那么冰的总量就更惊人了。
The total amount of ice is even more awesome if we estimate the water released upon the hypothetical melting of the world's glaciers.
既然进化产生了即使有也很少的、无目的的生理反应，我们就可以从逻辑上假设哭泣有一个或多个增强生存能力的功能。
Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responset, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.
假设你和一个你不认识的人在同一个房间里，你内心的声音会说“我想和这个人聊聊天”——这是我们大多数人都会遇到的情况。
Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within you says "I want to talk with this person" — this is something that mostly happens with all of us.
在我们能评估其含义以前，我们得先解释其基本假设。
We shall have to explicate its basic assumptions before we can assess its implications.
我们来假设一下这样一个情景，卡罗尔，一个正在康复中的嗜酒者，被邀情去参加一场聚会。
Let's look at a hypothetical situation in which Carol, a recovering alcoholic, gets invited to a party.
我们假设这些鱼中的其中一组具有遗传的灵活性，可以发现并取食另一种未被其他鱼利用的资源。
Let's suppose that a group of these fish had the genetic flexibility to discover and feed off another resource that was unused by the other fish.
但让我们假设一下，那些利益相关方和其他各方将始终坐在谈判桌前，并始终要求听到他们的声音，满足他们的需求。
But let's assume that those interested parties and others will always be at the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed.
我们不得不做出一种假设：双手是手掌朝下被印刷出来的，而手掌朝上印刷出来的左手看起来必定会像一只右手。
One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downward—a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a right hand.
这是不是意味着你提到的第一个假设是错误的，那个假设说我们在集中注意力的时候甚至没有察觉到不相关的信息？
Doesn't that mean that the first hypothesis you mentioned was wrong, the one that says we don't even perceive irrelevant information when we are concentrating?
艾伦的贡献在于提出了一个我们都认同的假设——因为我们不是机器人，所以我们控制自己的思想——并揭示了这个假设的错误本质。
Allen's contribution was to take an assumption we all share—that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts—and reveal its erroneous nature.
第二个假设是，我们确实能够感知一切，但是大脑会对信息进行分类，而任何与我们专注的事情无关的信息都会被归类为低优先级信息。
The second hypothesis is that we do perceive everything, but the brain categorizes the information, and whatever is not relevant to what we are concentrating on gets treated as low priority.
我们假设你们正在翻看你妈妈的珠宝盒，你们正在讨论一件珠宝。
Let's say that you're going through your mom's jewelry box and you're having a conversation about a piece of jewelry.
让我们假设你正试图用一堆卡片来学习一些新的、相当难的英语单词。
Let's say you are trying to learn some new and rather difficult English vocabulary using a stack of cards.
让我们来假设一种情况：一位老板被要求为一个正在寻找工程师工作的前雇员写一封推荐信。
Let's say a boss is asked to write a letter of recommendation for a former employee seeking an engineering job.
应用推荐