外国债权人一直青睐用股票作为俄罗斯债务的担保，因为证券更容易获取。
Foreign creditors have favored securing Russian debt with shares because securities are easier to seize.
从报纸报道来看，欧洲官员不愿以欧洲央行为主权债务的担保机构，而这是美国希望欧洲同意的措施。
According to newspaper reports, European officials do not want to use the ECB to act as a guarantor of sovereign debt, something that the us wanted Europe to agree on.
有些人主张发行“欧洲债券”，从而为德国提供一种对意大利、西班牙、希腊和其他身处困境的国家债务的担保方式。
Some have called for the creation of "euro bonds," which would be a way for Germany to guarantee the debt of Italy, Spain, Greece and other troubled countries.
已清偿的债务必须以你收回的财产作为担保。
The discharged obligation must be secured by the property you repossess.
有些安排包括对存款的统保和对新债务发行的担保，如在匈牙利。
Some arrangements include blanket guarantees on deposits and guarantees on new debt issues, as seen in Hungary.
如果私有部门面临困境，那么共有部门很可能指的介入并承担或担保债务，这也是2008年的情况。
If the private sector suffers, the public sector may be forced to step in and assume, or guarantee, the debt, as happened in 2008.
这些机构的债务拥有隐性和显性联邦担保，这降低了其资金成本，从而赋予了它们永久性的竞争优势。
These institutions have an implicit, or explicit, federal guarantee on their debt that lowers their cost of capital, giving them a permanent competitive advantage.
但是如果债务是由资产担保的那么债务人和债权人则都有可能遭受损失。
But when the debt is secured against an asset, lenders and borrowers can both lose.
如果危机变得太过严重，欧盟有可能被迫发行由全体成员国担保的欧洲债券，来清偿到期债务。
It's possible that the crisis will become so severe that the eu will be forced to issue euro bonds, guaranteed by all the member nations, to cover the debt.
如果债务是以资产作为担保的，那么债务人就有可能被迫出售资产。
If the debt is secured against assets, then the borrower may be forced to sell.
复苏的证券市场允许债务担保的平稳撤出(就像在瑞典发生的那样)。
And a revival in funding markets allows for a smooth exit from debt guarantees (as happened in Sweden).
欧洲所面临的危机可以归结为以下几点：国家财政缺乏足够的富余资金去担保未偿债务，维持他们的信用等级。
The euro's crisis boils down to this: national treasuries do not have enough spare cash both to guarantee outstanding debt and maintain their own credit ratings.
归根结底，人们要的是欧元区债券——德国为意大利债务提供切实的担保。
Ultimately what people want is eurobonds - effectively a German guarantee on Italian debt.
作为卖空交易的替代选择，你还可以购买信贷违约掉期。这是债务保险的一种形式，担保的未必是你自己的债务。
As an alternative to short selling, you can buy a credit default swap, which is a form of insurance on debt-not necessarily your own debt.
剩下的85%高级未担保债务本该不受影响，就像雷曼受担保的债权人和顾客以及其他合约方。
The remaining 85% of senior unsecured debt would have been unaffected, as would the bank’s secured creditors and its customers and counterparties.
对发行者来说，有资产抵押证券的成本要比筹集无担保债务低的多，同时它的发行不依赖于证券市场的复苏。
For issuers, the costs of funding are lower than raising unsecured debt, and issuance does not depend on the revival of the securitisation markets.
更糟的是，许多私人债务以资产作为担保；债务价值是固定的，而资产价值则会下跌。
Worse, much private debt is secured against assets; while the value of the debt is fixed, the value of the assets can fall.
帮助的规模是庞大的，仅仅央行的债务和担保债务合起来就有2.7万亿。
The scale of that help is huge. Loans from central banks and debt guarantees alone amount to $2.7 trillion.
在有些情况下，它们还对股东进行了处罚，以保护债权人。让华盛顿互助银行无担保债务的持有人承担损失。
In some cases it penalised shareholders and protected creditors; at Washington Mutual, holders of unsecured debt were made to bear losses.
但与此同时它还必须提供大量的附加额外担保，结果，债务总量实际上是增加了。
Yet it also had to provide massive collateral guarantees to Banks, with the result that its total debt might actually increase.
因此，尽管EFSF基金计划给国债投资人提供担保，欧洲领导人执意无偿减记希腊债务的行为，无疑将加大欧元区的债务担保难度。
So while the EFSF scheme is designed to offer insurance to bondholders, the European leaders' insistence that the Greek writedown be voluntary will make euro-zone debt harder to insure.
本月17日，伊利诺斯州债券的违约担保成本创下历史新高，超过了美国最大的债务州- - -加利福利亚。
On June 17th the cost of insuring Illinois' bonds against default hit a record high, rising above that of California, America's largest municipal borrower.
国正考虑采取两大断然措施来修补摇摇欲坠的金融市场：为价值数十亿美元的银行债务提供担保，并向美国所有银行存款临时提供保险。
The U.S. is weighing two dramatic steps to repair ailing financial markets: guaranteeing billions of dollars in bank debt and temporarily insuring all U.S. bank deposits.
国正考虑采取两大断然措施来修补摇摇欲坠的金融市场：为价值数十亿美元的银行债务提供担保，并向美国所有银行存款临时提供保险。
The U.S. is weighing two dramatic steps to repair ailing financial markets: guaranteeing billions of dollars in bank debt and temporarily insuring all U.S. bank deposits.
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