明末清初的史学思想在史学观念上自主意识增强，产生了针对君主专制的历史批判思潮，理学化史学中的正统论思想遭到动摇；
In the 17th century, historians had their self-consciousness. They critiqued the feudal autocracy and the orthodox thoughts. Orthodoxy had been shaken.
自我表达和个性是对抗专制暴政的最强武器。
Self-expression and individuality are the greatest weapons against tyranny.
与专制管理不同，一些文化，特别是在亚洲，以决策的协商性质而闻名——部门或工作组的所有成员都被要求参与这一过程。
Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to contribute to this process.
国际交流合作处按照市外专局及学校的相关要求，对外专制定专门的奖励、惩罚和考核制度，外专必须认真学习并遵守该制度。
According to the rules of foreign expert affairs and our school, the international college formulated the reward, punishment and appraisal system. The foreign expert must study and obey this system.
国际交流合作处按照市外专局及学校的相关要求，对外专制定专门的奖励、惩罚和考核制度，外专必须认真学习并遵守该制度。
According to the rules of foreign expert affairs and our school, the international college formulated the reward, punishment and appraisal system. The foreign expert must study and obey this system.
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