他通晓错综复杂的专利法。
这个主要设计与100多年前爱迪生取得专利的设计相比没什么变化。
The basic design changed little from that patented by Edison more than 100 years ago.
赫顿一生中获得了244项发明专利。
孟山都公司认为它的专利延伸到了后代。
Monsanto argues that its patents extend to later generations.
三种常见的法律保护类型是专利、版权和商标。
The three common types of legal protection are patents, copyrights, and trademarks.
政府已经授予马里兰青年胰腺癌测试的专利权。
The government has given the Maryland teenager patent rights to the pancreatic caner test.
意识到这一突破的重要性后，他立即申请了专利。
Realizing the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no time in patenting it.
但在2010年3月，一名法官裁定，基因不可申请专利。
But in March 2010, a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable.
相反，半导体公司只是从现有的研发支出中榨取更多的专利。
Instead, semiconductor firms simply squeezed more patents out of existing research and development expenditures.
这里的核心问题是生物的专利权是否延伸到这些生物的后代。
The central issue in the case is whether patent rights to living things extend to the progeny of those things.
到1957年，她已经每月售出100瓶，并获得了产品专利。
By 1957, she had sold 100 bottles a month and had gotten a patent for her product.
去年，一个联邦特别工作组敦促对基因检测相关的专利进行改革。
Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests.
她发明了镜子的特殊排列并申请了专利，还为她的布料调配了化学染料。
She invented and patented special arrangements of mirrors and concocted chemical dyes for her draperies.
这些大学也是生产最多博士毕业生、科学引文、专利和许可证收入的机构。
These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of Ph.D. graduates, science citations, patents and license income.
例如，目前还不清楚整个基因组的排序是否侵犯了其中单个基因组的专利权。
For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it.
Monsanto指控鲍曼侵犯专利权，从而得到了84456美元的赔偿金。
Monsanto accused Bowman of patent infringement and won an $ 84,456 damage award.
一个叫罗伯特·普拉斯的飞行员发明了滚轮行李箱，并且在1991年取得专利权。
A pilot named Robert Plath invented the wheeled suitcase, and patented it in 1991.
爱迪生的电灯在1880年获得专利，成为当时市场上最受欢迎的发明，为大众带来了光明。
Edison's electric lamp, patented in 1880 was the marketplace's favorite, bringing light to the masses.
与此同时，亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔也在研究同样的想法。1876年，他获得了电话的专利。
Meanwhile, Alexander Graham Bell was working on the same idea and in 1876 the patent for the telephone was given to him.
由于这些讨论几乎不可避免地涉及到价格、专利、知识产权保护和竞争等问题，这就更加突出了。
This is all the more so since these discussions almost inevitably turn to questions of prices, patents, intellectual property protection, and competition.
播下一颗种子可能会引起最高法院的一场事关重大的专利诉讼，我们真的已经到了这个地步了吗？
Have we really gotten to the point that planting a seed can lead to a high-stakes Supreme Court patent lawsuit?
鲍曼的支持者认为，孟山都正试图扩大专利的范围，其方式将使大公司受益而损害小农场主的利益。
Bowman's supporters argue that Monsanto is trying to expand the scope of patents in ways that would enrich big corporations and hurt small farmers.
BIO 的律师HansSauer解释道，公司渴望获得专利，以便“归纳推理得出结论”。
Companies are eager to win patents for "connecting the dots," explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.
他坚称，公司必须使用他们的专利，否则将会失去他们：“你不能只自己坐下然后对别人指手画脚。”
He insists that firms must use their patents or lose them, "You can't just sit on your ass and give everyone the finger."
部分问题在于，在亚马逊申请一键式专利后近二十年，人们对在线零售购物和购买体验提出了不少问题。
Part of the problem is that almost two decades after Amazon filed the one-click patent, the online retail shopping and buying experience is filled with frictions.
几十年来，许多公司都获得了分离DNA的专利——到2005年，大约20%的人类基因都已获取专利。
Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades—by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented.
生物技术产业组织（BIO）最近召开了一个会议，其中部分议程就不断变化的专利领域向律师们提供了培训。
The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents.
专利申请更多的是出于战略目的，被用作抵御侵权案件的讨价还价筹码，或者作为阻止竞争对手产品发展的手段。
Patents were filed more for strategic purposes, to be used as bargaining chips to ward off infringement suites or as a means to block competitors' products.
公司不太可能再为人类DNA申请更多的专利——大多数要么已经被其他公司申请了专利，要么处于公共领域。
Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain.
今天，大多数毕业生最终都在学术界之外工作——不仅在工业领域，而且还有科学政策、通信和专利法等职业领域。
Today, most graduates end up working outside academia, not only in industry but also in careers such as science policy, communications, and patent law.
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