Applying structural approach to modeling default risk, the pricing of default risk zero-coupon bond and a credit spread term structure under incomplete information is developed.
运用违约风险评估的结构化建模方法，在信息不完全的情形下推导了风险零息票债券的定价公式，并得到了此时信用利差的期限结构。
This paper introduces an AFC algorithm for a zero-intermediate frequency direct-sequence spread spectrum digital receiver.
为了使得射频源和波导管的频率保持一致 ，采用了自动频率控制系统 （AFC）。
Results: The policy of zero-difference sale of essential drugs was good for the spread of the essential drugs.
结果：基本药物“零差价”等政策的推行，有益于基本药物普及。
Although the zero-intercept assumption is rejected, they don't make contributions to the difference in return spread.
尽管零截距的假设被拒绝，但对各个组合的超额收益率贡献一致，不存在系统性差异。
Although the zero-intercept assumption is rejected, they don't make contributions to the difference in return spread.
尽管零截距的假设被拒绝，但对各个组合的超额收益率贡献一致，不存在系统性差异。
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