The changes are insidious, and will not produce a noticeable effect for 15 to 20 years.
变化是悄然发生的，15到20年间不会产生明显效果。
But one lesson is clear. Laying off, even for just six years, has as big an effect on migratory fish as it does on sedentary ones.
但有一点是显而易见的：停止捕鱼活动（即便只持续六年时间）对于洄游鱼类的影响，与对于非洄游鱼类的影响同样大。
If my effects are merely "placebo" I think after 2 years since my stent surgery (ample time for such an effect to wear off) I'd even more confident in the reality of my improvement.
如果我的影响仅仅只是一种安慰的话，我认为在外科手术的2年之后，(足够的时间消除影响)我已经对改善自身更加自信了。
But after following 385 patients with type 2 diabetes for 6.5 years, the researchers actually saw the opposite effect.
但随后的跟踪385位有第2糖尿病症状的病人6.5年之后，研究者们实际上看到了相反的效果。
Each transformation contributes something more to what is known as the urban heat island, or UHI, effect, a phenomenon scientists have known about for almost 200 years.
每一个改变都加深了所谓“热岛效应”的影响。热岛效应已经为科学家所知200多年了。
Water vapour in the atmosphere produces the strongest greenhouse effect, but it has been in balance for millions of years.
大气层里水蒸汽产生的温室效应最强烈，但千百万年来一直保持着平衡。
Data was scarce on the effect of calcium intake for children younger than 7 years, the report said.
研究中还表明，针对7岁以前的儿童，证明补钙效果的数据是不足的。
The effect tends to work for the best performers over the past 12 months, but not for those that have shone for longer periods, say three or five years.
动量效应对于过去12个月中表现最好的股票是起作用的，但较长期的绩优股，比如3-5年中表现好的股票，则不在此规律之内。
Instead, for the first time in 30 years they rejiggered the food, this time to reflect the glycemic index, which ranks carbs by their effect on blood sugar.
相反，三十年来头一次，他们重新调整了食谱，这次反映血糖生成指数，按照对血糖的影响对碳水化合物进行排序。
The report also pointed out that while C. V. Raman won the Nobel Prize eighty years ago for the Raman Effect, most of the instruments available in India today using this principle are imported.
这份报告还指出，虽然拉曼博士八十年前就因发现“拉曼效应”获得了诺贝尔奖，然而时至今日，印度使用的、根据“拉曼效应”原理制造的工具器械，大部分都是进口的。
Many children still have to wait years for a diagnosis and so without the right support this can have a profound effect on them and their families.
许多孩子还不得不等几年才能得到诊断，因此，如果没有其它合适的帮助，这种方法可能对他们及其家人产生深远的影响。
If you wipe out a year class, the young of the year, you don't see that effect for several years.
如果抛去一年的种类，就是小的一批物种，但是并没看到对之后几年的影响。
Thirty years ago, chewing qat leaves for their curious effect of physical relaxation and mental stimulation was an occasional pastime.
三十年前，嚼咔特叶子是一种偶而的消遣，是为了获得咔特带来的身体放松和精神兴奋的奇妙效果。
The report also pointed out that while C.V.Raman won the Nobel Prize eighty years ago for the Raman Effect, most of the instruments available in India today using this principle are imported.
这份报告还指出，虽然拉曼博士八十年前就因发现“拉曼效应”获得了诺贝尔奖，然而时至今日，印度使用的、根据“拉曼效应”原理制造的工具器械，大部分都是进口的。
If you have been married for 30 years it is unlikely that the effect of your early environment can be expunged.
如果你已经结婚30年以上，这些外在条件的影响仍然不大可能完全消失。
Momentum wannabes should also be warned that the effect works for individual stocks over months, not years.
相信此效果的投资者应意识到，该效果对个股作用常会是数月，而不是数年。
The current trend isn't so much the intense grunge of a few years ago but rather a much more subtle effect that you could easily miss if you weren't looking for it.
目前这种创意已不像几年前那样风靡，但是它还是会带给你一种非常微妙的效果：如果你没有看到它，那会让你非常地想念。
And of course, government is darned hard: even when you make the right decision-to close guantanamo, for instance-it can take years to put into effect.
当然了，施政总归是不容易的：即便你做了正确的决策- - -比方说，关闭关塔纳摩监狱- - -这个决策也要好几年才能得到实施。
'in effect, around 60 people would have to take the aspirin continuously for around 5 years to prevent one death from bowel cancer during a 20-year period,' he says.
实际上，在20年间约60人持续服用阿司匹林5年，才能预防一例因肠道癌死亡，他说，其明显的好处是能给需要决定是否服用阿司匹林的人提供不同的观点。
The resulting delays in science programs reached a crisis when the Challenger orbiter was lost, in effect putting America's scientific space effort on hold for over two years.
挑战者号失事之后造成的拖延给正在进行中的科研项目造成了很大的危机，事实上使得美国的太空科研项目停滞了两年以上。
The plasma is a high energy and high activity material, it has good etching effect for any organic material, which in recent years has also been referenced to the printed circuit board manufacturing.
由于等离子体是一种具有很高能量和极高活性的物质，它对于任何有机材料等都具有良好的蚀刻作用，因而在最近几年也被引用到印制电路板制造中来。
It takes two years for interest-rate changes to have their full effect on prices, so under the new regime the Bank of England looks farther ahead than it did.
因为利率调整对价格完全发挥作用要两年的时间，因此在这种新的机制下，英格兰银行比以前考虑问题更长远了。
Groupon wasn't just a good idea at the right time, it was an idea exploited to full effect, in ways that will be studied by founders of other startups for years to come.
Groupon是在正确时间建立的一家正确的公司，它创意十足，执行充分，必将成为未来创业企业研究的典范，对整个行业产生影响。
If these environmental groups are correct, then it would take an immediate cessation of the use of green-house gases for an effect to be felt a hundred years from now.
如果这些环保团体是正确的话，那么，将采取立即停止使用环保内务气体效果的感受，一百年从现在开始。
If these environmental groups are correct, then it would take an immediate cessation of the use of green-house gases for an effect to be felt a hundred years from now.
如果这些环保团体是正确的话，那么，将采取立即停止使用环保内务气体效果的感受，一百年从现在开始。
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