We'd been led to believe that we would encounter a good proportion of this older, thicker, technically multi-year ice that's been around for a few years and just gets thicker and thicker.
我们被引导着去相信我们能找到很大一部分经过多年冻结形成的更古老、更厚的冰层，这些冰已经存在很多年了，而且会越来越厚。
The problem is that much of that refreezing creates a relatively thin layer of so-called first-year ice.
问题是，重新冻结的冰很大程度上相对较薄，所以被称为“首年冰”。
Not just the first-year ice might go, but also some of the "rotten" multiyear ice that Barber encountered.
不只是首年冰会融化，而且一些巴贝遇到的那种“烂的”多年冰也会融化。
I'm told he will also say that they did not encounter any multi-year ice (only new ice that froze that year).
据我所知，他还会透露这次考察中没有发现任何多年冻结的冰层(那里只有当年冻结的新冰层)。
Scientists predict that at least 70 per cent of this single-year ice – and perhaps all of it – will melt completely this summer, Dr Serreze said.
科学家预言今夏70%甚至全部的一年冰会融化，Serreze说。
Earlier this year, scientists warned that sea ice volume reached a record low in 2008 due to an unusually high proportion of the thinner first year ice.
今年的早些时候，科学家们曾发出警告，因为较薄的“一年冰”的比例高于往常，2008年海面冰层的总量会跌至历史新低。
The reason : as fate would have it , global warming appears to also be increasing the amount of potentially deadly multi year ice chunks lurking in the newly opened pathway.
然而跑船的商人们并不急于利用它，究其原因嘛：因为全球变暖注定也将增加多年冰漂移块的数量，这些漂移块暗藏于新开辟航道中，具有潜在的致命威胁。
Glaciers are slowly moving masses of ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts.
冰川正在缓慢地移动大量的冰，这些冰是在每年降雪量大于融化量的地区，在陆地上累积起来的。
Earlier this year, British explorer Pen Hadow and his team trekked for three months across the frozen Arctic Ocean, taking measurements and recording observations about the ice.
今年年初，英国探险家佩恩·赫德尔和他的团队在冰冻的北冰洋上跋涉了三个月，对冰层进行了测量和记录。
People might think that with such low temperatures for most of the year, the ice would be thick and hard.
人们可能会认为，在一年中的大部分时间里气温都这么低的情况下，冰层会又厚又硬。
Part of the warming is natural; we have experienced a 20,000-year-long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice melted away.
有一些变暖是自然发生的。随着上一个冰河时代的结束和冰的融化，我们已经经历了长达20，000年的变暖过程。
Scientists, from Nature studied 20 years of satellite data of the world's 220,000 mountain glaciers, and found that since 2015, glaciers have last 298 billion metric tons off ice and snow per year.
《自然》杂志的科学家们研究了世界上22万座高山冰川20年来的卫星数据，发现自2015年以来，冰川上每年减少的冰雪总量为2980亿公吨。
That is 31% more than 15 years ago, and enough ice melt to put Switzerland under 7.2 meter of water each year.
这比15年前高出31%，每年融化的冰足以使瑞士淹没在7.2米的水下。
Apart from Archangel on the White Sea, closed by ice for most of the year, the country had no access to the world's shipping lanes.
除了白海边一年大部分时间处于封冻之下的阿尔汉格尔斯克，这个国家没有一个通向世界海运航线的入口。
This time of year, they should be foraging from the sea ice floating over the productive waters of the continental shelf.
往年这个时候，它们应该在漂浮在这片大陆架地区食物丰富的海域上的冰面上捕食。
Estimates range from 2013-terrifyingly soon-to 2050 for the first year when the Arctic is free of ice in summer.
据推测，北极夏日无冰的开始年份，最早为急迫的2013年，最晚2050年。
Last year was a record year for ice melt all over the Arctic and the ice band surrounding the North Pole is even thinner now.
去年是北极地区冰层融化创记录的一年，如今北极周围的冰带更薄了。
Satellite data from the whole of Antarctica show the region is now losing around 190bn tonnes of ice a year.
整个南极洲的卫星数据显示，目前该地区的消融速度是每年约1900亿吨。
Greenland is losing around 250 billion tonnes of ice a year, enough to raise sea levels by 7 millimetres a decade.
格陵兰每年失去约2500亿吨冰，足以每十年提升海平面7毫米。
Unlike the Arctic, where much of the sea ice is — at least for now — year-round, the Southern Ocean's sea ice is thin and seasonal.
与大部分海冰（至少目前如此）都有一年左右的历史的北极有所不同，南大洋的海冰很薄且是季节性的。
Unlike the Arctic, where much of the sea ice is - at least for now - year-round, the Southern Ocean's sea ice is thin and seasonal.
与大部分海冰(至少目前如此)都有一年左右的历史的北极有所不同，南大洋的海冰很薄且是季节性的。
Measures of Arctic sea ice this year show its area is the second lowest on record, and its volume is the lowest.
对北极海冰的检测表明，今年海冰面积下降到记录以来倒数第二，其体积则已经减少到有记录以来最小。
In other words, even as Arctic climate continues to warm over the long-term, there won't be a new record low ice extent each year.
换句话说，即使北极的气候长时间在持续变暖，也并不会出现每年都会出现更低的海冰范围记录。
Last year, the ice was so thin that a young hunter and his dog team of 12 fell through to their deaths.
然而去年，冰层变得如此之薄，一位年轻的狩猎者和他12条猎犬竟葬身于断裂的冰层下。
This year they noted that the Arctic ice cap had a late-winter growth spurt, reaching its maximum on March 31st, the latest date ever recorded.
今年，科学家们注意到晚冬时节北极冰盖突然迸出的现象，3月31日达到最高值- - -这是至今所记录的最新数据。
This difference allows the satellite to capture a year-round sea ice record, despite cloud cover and months of polar night.
这种差别使得卫星能够获取整年的海冰记录，除非出现云层遮蔽或极夜的月份。
The first map, shown below, shows the average thickness of the sea-ice in January and February this year, as the ice approached its annual maximum.
下方的第一幅地图显示了今年一、二月海冰的平均厚度，当时正值冰盖到达每年最厚的时候。
Of course, that's easier said than done; the Arctic is a forbidding, isolated area, short of people and encased in ice much of the year.
当然，这说起来容易，做起来难。北极是块离我们遥远的禁地，人烟稀少，一年中大部分时间是冰封雪盖。
Of course, that's easier said than done; the Arctic is a forbidding, isolated area, short of people and encased in ice much of the year.
当然，这说起来容易，做起来难。北极是块离我们遥远的禁地，人烟稀少，一年中大部分时间是冰封雪盖。
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