Unlike artisan workshops in which apprentices worked closely with the masters supervising them, factories sharply separated workers from management.
工厂与工匠作坊不同，作坊学徒们与监督他们的师傅密切合作，而工厂将工人与管理人员严格区分开来。
The premise was that the common law of contract lacked sufficient safeguards for workers against arbitrary conduct by management.
其前提是，普通合同法缺乏使劳动者不受管理层随意行为影响的充分保障。
Workers continued to mutter about the management.
工人私下对资方还是有怨言。
The current division of labour between workers and management will alter.
劳资双方目前的劳动分配将会改变。
During the 1920s, most advocates of scientific management, Frederick Taylor's method for maximizing workers' productivity by rigorously routinizing their jobs, opposed the five-day workweek.
在20世纪20年代，大多数科学管理的支持者反对每周五天的工作制。科学管理是弗雷德里克·泰勒通过严格程序化工作来最大化工人生产力的方法。
Management and other upper-income employees would have to accept less compensation in order to pay lower-level workers more so their consumption could remain level and sustain firms' profits.
管理层和其他高收入的员工的补贴必须减少，用于增加较低层的工人的工资，这样他们的的消费才能仍然保持平衡从而维持企业的利润。
Basic breastfeeding support skills are also part of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness training course for health workers.
基本的母乳喂养支持技能也是卫生工作者儿童疾病综合管理培训班的部分培训内容。
And the safety culture of the management and the attitude of the workers made the difference, how they chose to operate.
管理的安全文化，以及其他工作人员的态度造成了不同，他们选择如何来运行。
"This is software that develops management skills," Kojima said. "you can even fire workers, something that you can't really do in real life."
“这是一款能锻炼管理能力的软件”小岛说，“你甚至可以解雇工人，这可能在真实生活中很难办到。”
A harsh working environment in which workers complained of mistreatment by management.
紧张严厉的工作环境，工人们都抱怨管理上太受虐待。
It also includes health management and support workers, such as hospital administrators, district health managers and social workers, who dedicate all or part of their time to improving health.
还包括卫生管理和支持人员，比如医院行政人员、区卫生管理人员及社会工作者。这些人员将其时间全部或者部分用在增进健康方面。
Health professionals and workers are being oriented on prevention, appropriate case management and infection control practices.
正在使卫生专业人员和工作人员熟悉预防、适宜病例管理和感染控制做法。
Workers commonly complain that causes for labor disputes rest solely on the shoulders of management.
工人经常抱怨劳资纠纷的责任完全在管理者的肩上。
Many health workers migrate to high-income countries for greater income, job satisfaction, career opportunities and management quality.
许多卫生工作者移徙到高收入国家，追求更高的收入、工作满足感、职业机会和管理质量。
If we are to address this issue, it is critical to ensure effective performance management and increased incentives for health workers to deliver.
如果我们要解决这一问题，就必须要确保开展有效的绩效管理工作，增强医疗卫生工作者提供服务的动力。
While some management may be less than forthcoming about missed targets for financial performance, workers can investigate a company's health by checking out the budget.
虽然有些公司管理层对没能实现财务目标会不那么坦率，但员工可以通过查对预算来判断公司的状况。
The American-type， or the top-down， management emphasizes efficiency， and competition among workers.
美国式的自下而上的管理方式注重效率，注重员工之间的竞争。
France ranks last out of ten countries for workers' opinion of company management, according to a report from 2007.
2007年的一篇报道称，在企业员工对公司管理层满意度调查中，法国在十个国家里排名垫底。
Thanks to the humanistic sensibilities of Messrs. Hewlett and Packard, HP also demonstrated a new type of management technique, one that placed a premium on the workers and their happiness.
由于惠普公司的人文情怀，HP也展示了一种新型的管理技术，这种技术鼓励员工并重视他们的幸福。
Study author Brent Coker, from the department of management and marketing, said "workplace Internet leisure browsing, or WILB, helped to sharpened workers' concentration”.
研究负责人、墨尔本大学管理和营销系的布兰特?科克说：“工作时的网络休闲（WILB）”有助于集中员工的注意力。
Under South Korean labor law, to fire a regular worker, a company must prove that it has an “urgent” management crisis and that it has done everything it can to avoid shedding workers.
根据韩国劳工法，如果解雇正式工，公司必须有足够的理由证明它正在面临管理危机，并且已经尝试过避免减员的各种手段。
With management posts increasingly harder to fill, Sanyo recently started holding compulsory career-training retreats for workers turning 30.
由于越来越难为管理岗位找到人选，三洋最近开始为那些临近30岁的员工举行强制性的职业培训。
Its use by primary health-care workers will reduce the burden of skin diseases in children in Fiji through improved case identification and management.
初级卫生保健工作者使用它可以改善皮肤病的确诊和治疗，从而减轻斐济在治疗儿童皮肤病上的负担。
After two years he'd like to use his savings to open a hotel management company. That might be more possible after the 33 percent raise Foxconn recently gave all its workers kicks in.
他希望经过两年的积累，能开个宾馆管理公司，富士康最近工资上涨33%后，他的这一想法更有可能实现了。
The management literature on older workers is a mere molehill compared with the mountain devoted to recruiting and retaining the young.
相较于热衷大量招募和留住年轻人，老年劳力的管理事项无足重轻。
He used terms like "knowledge workers" and "management goals."
他使用“知识员工”以及“管理目标”这样的术语。
WHO estimates that at least 2 360 000 health service providers and 1 890 000 management and support workers, or a total of 4 250 000 health workers, are needed to fill the gap.
世卫组织估计，至少需要236万卫生服务提供者以及189万管理和支助工作人员，或总共需要425万卫生工作者以填补差距。
This is not Hochwarter's first study to examine the tensions between workers and management in the American workplace.
Hochwarter并不是第一个研究美国职场上员工与管理层之间日益恶化的关系的学者。
This is not Hochwarter's first study to examine the tensions between workers and management in the American workplace.
Hochwarter并不是第一个研究美国职场上员工与管理层之间日益恶化的关系的学者。
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