The external causes include the effects of environmental and service conditions to which concrete is subjected, such as weathering, chemical actions and wear.
外在起因包括混凝土被服从环境和服务情况的作用，譬如风化、化工行动和穿戴。
The external causes include the effects of environmental and service conditions to which concrete is subjected, such as weathering, chemical actions and wear.
外在起因包括混凝土被服从环境和服务情况的作用，譬如风化、化工行动和穿戴。
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