Many oceanic islands are volcanic.
很多海洋岛屿是火山岛。
Over 200 people have been killed by volcanic eruptions.
已有两百多人死于火山喷发。
The volcano spewed out more scorching volcanic ashes, gases, and rocks.
该火山喷出了更多灼热的火山灰、各种气体和岩石。
A cloud of volcanic ash is spreading across wide areas of the Philippines.
一大片火山灰正在向菲律宾的大块区域扩散。
The reason is that rich volcanic soil makes the land fantastic for farming.
原因是，肥沃的火山土壤使这片土地极适于农业。
The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.
热点和它们的火山痕迹是标志板块移动的里程碑。
It was generally accepted that volcanic rocks with such high levels of magnesium could not exist.
人们普遍认为，具有如此高镁含量的火山岩是不可能存在的。
The most recent island, Hawaii, would be at the end of the chain and is now over the volcanic source.
最近的一个岛屿是夏威夷岛，它位于这条岛链的末端，现在位于火山源头的上方。
Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, is entirely heated by geothermal energy derived from volcanic heat.
冰岛的首都雷克雅未克完全是用火山热产生的地热能来供热的。
Its height often changes when volcanic material accumulates during eruptions and subsequently collapses.
在火山爆发与随后的崩塌过程中，火山物质不断积累，它的高度经常发生变化。
It's quite possible that this is due to volcanic eruptions, because volcanic eruptions often emit gases.
这很有可能是由于火山爆发，因为火山爆发经常释放气体。
However, its height often changes when volcanic material accumulates during eruptions and subsequently collapses.
然而，当火山物质在喷发过程中积累并随后崩塌时，它的高度经常发生变化。
They occur primarily in regions of recent volcanic activity as hot, dry rock; natural hot water; or natural steam.
地热能主要以干热的岩石、自然热水或自然蒸汽的形式出现在近期火山活动的区域。
As the plate moved slowly northwest, new volcanic islands would have formed as the plate moved over the volcanic source.
当板块缓慢向西北移动时，新的火山岛就会随着板块的移动，在火山源处形成。
Also included will be any variations that have arisen from volcanic activity, solar activity, and, possibly, human activities.
这还将包括火山活动、太阳活动，可能还有人类活动引起的任何变化。
Although the origins are uncertain, experts think that this is largely due to the high level of volcanic activity in the area.
尽管起源还不确定，专家认为这主要是由该地区频繁的火山喷发所造成的。
The 1980 volcanic eruption of Mount Saint Helens, for example, sent mud and debris into several tributaries of the Columbia River.
例如，1980年圣海伦斯火山爆发，导致哥伦比亚河的几条支流产生泥石流现象。
They built thousands of circular stone windbreaks and gardened inside them, and used broken volcanic rocks to keep the soil moist.
他们建造了成千上万的圆形石质防风林并在其中种植花草，还用破碎的火山岩来保持土壤湿润。
Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same times as the northern volcanic plains formed.
大约30亿年前，洪水形成了流出通道，大约与北部火山平原形成的时间相同。
The Romans observed that, when volcanic ash mixes with water and then cools, it gets extremely hard and almost impossible to break up.
罗马人观察到，当火山灰与水混合然后冷却，火山灰变得非常坚硬，几乎不可能分解。
Iridium occurs in meteorites and volcanic material, but in the latter case it is accompanied by elevated levels of nickel and chromium.
铱存在于陨石和火山物质中，但在火山物质中同时包含高浓度的镍和铬。
In 2018 alone, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, mudslides, and other natural disasters cost at least $49 billion in the United States.
仅2018年这一年，山火、火山爆发、飓风、泥石流和其他自然灾害就给美国造成了至少490亿美元的损失。
First identified in 1969, komatiites are Earth's oldest known volcanic rocks and contain three times as much magnesium as do most volcanic rocks.
科马提岩于1969年首次被发现，它是地球上已知的最古老的火山岩，含镁量是大多数火山岩的三倍。
Around this time, the largest of these centers, Cuicuilco, was seriously affected by a volcanic eruption, with much of its agricultural land covered by lava.
大约在这个时候，这些中心中最大的Cuicuilco受到了火山喷发的严重影响，它的大部分农田被熔岩覆盖。
Age estimates ranging from four billion years for Mars's southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way.
通过这种方法，科学家们获得了火星南部高地40亿年到最年轻的火山地区（几亿年）的年龄估计数。
Dust from volcanic eruptions that blocks the Sun's warming radiation has been proposed as an explanation alternative to Milankovitch cycles for the cause of ice ages.
来自火山喷发的灰尘阻挡了太阳温暖的辐射，这被认为是导致冰河时代的另一种解释。
Most crystalline rocks are much more solid; a common exception is basalt, a form of solidified volcanic lava, which is sometimes full of tiny bubbles that make it very porous.
大部分结晶岩石都非常坚硬，但也有例外，最常见的就是玄武岩，它是一种火山岩浆凝固后的形态，内部充满了微小的气泡，因此也具有多孔渗水的特点。
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