The initial or frozen-in double refraction is replaced by an equivalent or virtual state of stress.

初双折射或被冻结的双折射，可用一个等效或有效应力状态来代替。

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The initial or frozen-in double refraction is replaced by an equivalent or virtual state of stress.

初双折射或被冻结的双折射，可用一个等效或有效应力状态来代替。

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