Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?
为什么大多数维多利亚时代的人的照片看起来很严肃？
Victorians started putting women in a box, and they're still trying to crawl out of it.
维多利亚时代的人们开始将女性禁锢起来，直到今日，她们仍在努力挣脱牢笼。
People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh.
人们看到这些照片时，都会很惊讶——维多利亚女王时代的英国人会享受快乐而且居然会笑。
As the Victorians understood, if you want to change your life, don't just look for a clever cue.
正如维多利亚时代的人所理解的那样，如果你想改变你的生活，不要只寻找一个聪明的线索。
Spontaneous smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile.
到了19世纪90年代，自发的微笑相对容易捕捉，所以我们必须从别处寻找解释，为什么维多利亚时代的人仍然对微笑犹豫不决。
They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter.
他们注意到，维多利亚时代的人，似乎突然变得更有人情味了，因为我们共同经历的笑声，我们之间相隔的100多年时光逐渐消失了。
The Victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress and civilization.
维多利亚时代的人认为铁路带来了进步和文明。
What might have kept the Victorians from smiling for pictures in the 1890s?
在19世纪90年代，是什么原因使维多利亚人不愿意笑着拍照？
The Victorians worshipped Shakespeare with a reverence that George Bernard Shaw called bardolatry.
维多利亚时代的人崇敬莎士比亚，这被乔治·萧伯纳称为莎士比亚崇拜。
Christmas really took off for the Victorians because of the German tradition of the Tannenbaum Christmas tree.
由于德国传统的坦南鲍姆圣诞树，圣诞节在维多利亚时代开始流行起来。
The Victorians wielded scalpels.
维多利亚时代的外科医生们挥舞手术刀。
The Victorians loathed Georgian architecture.
维多利亚时代不喜欢乔治亚风格的建筑。
But for the Victorians this sort of cult of mourning developed.
但维多利亚时代的人热衷这种悼念仪式。
Victorians saw a cleft palate as a defect that built character.
维多利亚时代将腭裂视为塑造特征的缺陷。
When they were dug up by the Victorians, they assumed that the helmets had horns.
当他们被维多利亚时代的人挖出来的时候，他们就想当然地以为那些头盔有角。
It would have struck Victorians as bizarre to think of ships in nostalgic terms.
这种怀旧款式的船会以其怪异触动那些维多利亚时代的人们。
Many Victorians were shocked by the notion that Man had evolved from lower forms of life.
在维多利亚时代，许多人对于人是由低级生物进化而来的见解大为震惊。
Meanwhile tobacco has proved itself a more useful substance than even the Victorians realised.
这些发现证明了烟草不止可以用来做香烟，它甚至具有比维多利亚时代的发现更大的作用。
What's really interesting about the Victorians is that it was all so undefined, which is a kind of freedom.
维多利亚时代的人真正有趣的一点是：一切都没有下定义，所以这是某种程度的自由。
Over 100 years ago, the Victorians built a bridge that has become one of London's most famous landmarks.
早在100多年前的维多利亚时代，人们修建了伦敦塔桥。如今，它已成为伦敦最著名的地标之一。
Victorians hunted them to extinction in the UK but in 1975 they were reintroduced to Scotland from Norway. There are 30 breeding pairs.
维多利亚时代的英国金雕被捕杀绝种，1975年从挪威重新引进了30对雌雄育种金雕到苏格兰。
"Victorians rightly feel they have a moral obligation to stop racism in its tracks when it rears its ugly head in our country," he said.
维多利亚人真正感觉到他们有道义上的责任阻止种族主义抬头。
In fact, the oxygen content of the air worldwide is about 21 per cent, the same as it was for the Victorians, the Romans and the Neanderthals.
事实上，全球的空气中的含氧量大约在21%左右，与维多利亚时代，罗马时代和穴居人时代差不多。
Christmas really took off for the Victorians because of the influence of Prince Albert and the German tradition of the Tannenbaum Christmas tree。
保罗解释道，“圣诞节这一习俗是在维多利亚时期受到阿尔贝亲王与德国传统的坦南鲍姆圣诞树双重影响所普遍开来的。
He said: 'the Victorians thought you needed to chew food 14 times but we generally wait until it feels right and then swallow - it's intuitive.'
他说：“维多利亚时期的人认为一口食物得嚼14次才行，但我们现在只要嚼到自己觉得可以了便将食物吞下，这是一种本能。”
Although the Victorians started the craze for aquariums and seahorse-keeping that continues today, seahorses have fascinated mankind for millennia.
虽然人们从维多利亚时期就开始迷恋水族馆并养殖海马至今，但在千百年前，人们就对海马仍旧充满兴趣。
On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilisation.
另一方面，"持股"意味着悠闲和自由，维多利亚后期许多人把这种有钱有闲的生活视为伟大文明的最高目标。
In this fascinating book Helen Scales, an aptly named Marine biologist, explains the myth, biology and ecology of what the Victorians called "queer fish".
在这本有趣的书中，海伦-思卡尔斯(更恰当来说，她是个海洋生物学家)阐释了维多利亚时期人们口中“没人要的鱼”的传说、生物学原理和生态学原理。
In this fascinating book Helen Scales, an aptly named Marine biologist, explains the myth, biology and ecology of what the Victorians called "queer fish".
在这本有趣的书中，海伦-思卡尔斯(更恰当来说，她是个海洋生物学家)阐释了维多利亚时期人们口中“没人要的鱼”的传说、生物学原理和生态学原理。
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