It wasn't until the 1990s that CFLs gained traction, driven by concerns about energy efficiency.
直到1990年，对能源效率的关注拉动了荧光灯的市场。
There is usually one traction motor on each driven axle.
通常每个驱动轴配有一台牵引电动机。
Each driving shaft on the bogie is driven by a traction motor.
转向架上的每个动轴均由一台牵引电动机驱动。
A sliding mode based optimizer and traction control system which is used for a traction control system of in-wheel driven ev is developed in this paper.
改进了用于轮式驱动电动车牵引控制中最优滑移率辨识的滑模变结构优化器，设计了基于滑模变结构的牵引控制系统。
A sliding mode based optimizer and traction control system which is used for a traction control system of in-wheel driven ev is developed in this paper.
改进了用于轮式驱动电动车牵引控制中最优滑移率辨识的滑模变结构优化器，设计了基于滑模变结构的牵引控制系统。
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