Until recently most astronomers believed that the space between the galaxies in our universe was a near-perfect vacuum.
直到最近，大多数天文学家都认为我们宇宙中星系之间的空间是近乎完美的真空。
What's happening to the galaxies of cluster Abell 2667?
Abell 2667星系群那儿出什么事了？
The tides disrupt the galaxies as they repeatedly swing close to one another.
当它们多次互相摇晃靠近时，引潮力扰乱了星系。
These galaxies were often the brightest of the galaxies within their own groups.
这些星系是它们各自的群中最亮的。
So physicists proposed that the galaxies are surrounded by halos of invisible matter.
所以物理学家提出星系被不可见物质的晕圈所包围。
The mass of the gas between the galaxies is far greater than the mass of the stars within them.
星系与星系之间大量的气体，远比星系之间的恒星要多。
By measuring the motion of the galaxies in a cluster, astronomers can infer the cluster's mass.
通过测量星系在一个星系团内的运动，天文学家们可以推定这个星系团的质量。
The infrared brightness of the galaxies allowed the team to estimate how many supernovae should occur.
星系的红外亮度让小组成员可以估计出超新星发生的预期速率。
Slowly, a vast “cosmic web” of filaments and clumps of dark matter formed, and within them, the galaxies.
慢慢的，一张巨大的丝状和块状交结的暗物质“宇宙网”形成了，星系便在其中。
Slowly, a vast "cosmic web" of filaments and clumps of dark matter formed, and within them, the galaxies.
慢慢的，一张巨大的丝状和块状交结的暗物质“宇宙网”形成了，星系便在其中。
Three of the galaxies appear to be slightly disrupted – rather than being round they appear stretched.
这些星系呈现轻微的被破坏形态——而不是圆的，它们呈被拉长状。
Black holes are known to devour matter, but did they arise before or after, the galaxies in which they exist?
众所周知，黑洞会吞噬周边的一切，但它形成的时间是在它所处的星系形成之前还是之后呢？同样不得而知。
Some show us the explosive outbursts of dying SUNS, others the swirling masses of stars that make up the galaxies.
一些图片展示了恒星毁灭前的大爆炸景致，还有一些组成了银河的星群星云。
The galaxies, containing a vast number of stars, swing past each other in a graceful performance choreographed by gravity.
这两条银河容纳了大量的星星，在重力的作用下，他们以优美的舞蹈动作相互摇摆旋转。
The galaxies' older stellar tenants still shine on in visible light to be detected by Hubble, completing the galactic picture.
星系中较年长的恒星房客依然放射着哈勃望远镜可以探测到的可见光，这些共同组成了整个星系的画面。
The bluish star clusters have formed in the streamers of debris pulled from the galaxies and at the site of their head-on collision.
偏蓝的星团在星系拉出的残片流以及迎面相撞的区域形成。
However, if at birth the universe revolved around its axis in one direction, then the galaxies would have retained the rotation.
然而，如果在诞生之时宇宙就绕轴朝着一个方向运动，那么星系就应该保留了这样的旋转。
By measuring the amount of red-shifting, it's possible to calculate how fast the galaxies are moving apart and also how far away they are.
通过测量红移的多少，那就可以测量银河移动的速度有多快并且我们相离有多远。
However, on average, when you compare two large enough chunks of space, the galaxies in one are moving away from the galaxies in the other.
但是，总的来看，当你比较两块足够大的空间时，其中一块申的星系其移动方向是远离另一块中的。
Next, the astronomers checked the galaxies for the subtle signs of a recent galactic collision, such as a warped disk or a trailing tail of stars.
接下来，天文学家们检测了近期发生星系碰撞的微妙标志，例如扭曲的碟状中心或者拖着尾巴的恒星。
Cataloged as Arp 273 (also as UGC 1810), the galaxies do look peculiar, but interacting galaxies are now understood to be common in the universe.
这两个星系编号为Arp 273(也叫UGC 1810)，看起来特别奇特，不过如今我们知道这样的互动星系在宇宙中是很常见的。
Located about 12 million light-years away in the Ursa Major constellation, M81 is among the brightest of the galaxies visible by telescope from Earth.
距离大熊星座约1千2百万光年的波德星系是从地球上通过望远镜看到的最明亮的星系之一。
If you take our best understanding of gravity, apply it to the way galaxies spin, and you'll quickly see the problem: the galaxies should be falling apart.
如果你对“万有引力”有绝好的理解，并将其应用于星系的旋转方式上，你很快就会意识到这样的问题：各星系应该是逐渐趋于分离的状态。
So researchers used a statistical analysis to measure the orientation and shape of the galaxies to find small distortions due to so-called weak lensing.
所以研究人员使用统计分析来观测星系的位置和形状，从而找出由弱透镜效应造成的微小偏移。
"Our results suggest the supernovae in the galaxies we studied almost all come from two white dwarfs merging," said co-author Akos Bogdan, also of Max Planck.
论文的合作者、同样来自马普所的阿可斯·波格丹（AkosBogdan）说：“我们的结果表明，在我们所研究的星系中的超新星几乎都是来自两颗白矮星并合的。
The team found that the galaxies, located up to 3.5 billion light-years from Earth, are clustered together in precisely the way that general relativity predicts.
研究团队发现距地球35亿光年的星系正好精确的按照广义相对论所预测的一样聚集。
The concept was first proposed in 1933 to explain why the outer galaxies in galaxy clusters orbit faster than they should, based on the galaxies' visible mass.
并在1933年首次提出解释星系外环在星团轨道上的转速比基于星系可见物质而得出的理论转速要高的概念。
The concept was first proposed in 1933 to explain why the outer galaxies in galaxy clusters orbit faster than they should, based on the galaxies' visible mass.
并在1933年首次提出解释星系外环在星团轨道上的转速比基于星系可见物质而得出的理论转速要高的概念。
应用推荐