They return regularly to the surface (when the data is sent via polar-orbiting satellites) and are untroubled by surface ice.
它们会定期返回到水面——这时数据将通过极地轨道卫星发送出去——并且不会受到表面冰层的困扰。
The answer, the scientists suspect: when Eris comes closer to the sun in its highly elongated orbit, surface ice warms up to form a temporary atmosphere.
科学家们怀疑，它的答案是：在厄里斯在它极为扁长的轨道运行接近太阳时，表面冰变暖而形成了暂时的大气。
The culprit, according to a new study, is the Arctic's receding surface ice, which at current rates of decline could disappear entirely during summer months by century's end.
据最新研究表示，造成这种后果的罪魁祸首是北极圈上正在不断消失的冰层，若继续按照这种速度融化消失，在这个世纪末的夏季，冰层将完全消失不见。
A new form of life developed by astrobiology researcher Andrew Ellington, indicates that life could well exist in the hostile environment underneath the surface ice of Europa, a moon of Jupiter.
天体生物学家安得鲁。艾林顿培植出一种新的生命体，这暗示着即使在木星、木卫二冰层底下极为恶劣的环境中也能有生命存在。
The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many different changes on the surface.
冰下海水的运动经常会引起表面上许多不同的变化。
Thus, although the winter sea-ice cover might decrease, the surface waters would remain cold enough so that the decrease would not be excessive.
因此，虽然冬季海冰覆盖面积可能减少，但表层水将足够冰冷，因此海冰覆盖面积不会减少太多。
The formation of sea ice causes the concentration of salt in surface waters to increase; less sea ice would mean a smaller increase in the concentration of salt.
海冰的形成导致表水中盐的浓度增加；海冰的减少意味着盐浓度的增加幅度较小。
Geologists think that this fluidized ejecta crater indicates that a layer of permafrost, or water ice, lies just a few meters under the surface.
地质学家认为，这个具有流体化喷出物的陨石坑表明，在地表下几米深处有一层永久冻土层或水冰。
Unlike floating ice shelves which have little impact on sea level when they break up, the ice sheet is anchored to bedrock will blow the sea surface.
当浮动冰架破裂时，对海平面的影响很小；而与之不同的是，固定在基岩上的冰盖将会使海面炸毁。
It gets quite dark depending on how much ice there is above your head at the surface - so in some places with thicker ice it gets dangerously dark.
周围会变的很黑，而这取决于你头顶表面聚集了多少冰。因此在某些冰层很厚的地方会变得格外危险且黑暗。
Deep Impact also found evidence of ice on the surface of the comet, not just inside it.
深度撞击项目组还发现了证据表明冰不仅仅存在于彗星内部，也存在于彗星表面。
It might have a surface of "hot ice" - water that remains solid despite its heat because it gets compressed by the planet's gravity.
这颗行星可能拥有一个“热冰”的表面，由于受到行星引力的压缩，水虽然受热但依然保持固态。
It happens so quickly that, unlike other de-icing methods, heat is not wasted warming up the [object's] surface or the ice.
这种加热发生非常之快，而不像其他的除冰方式把热量浪费在了物体表面或者冰上。
Either it exposes land, which then warms up; or it forms ponds (or lakes or streams) of meltwater on the surface of the ice, which absorb energy and melt more ice.
融冰过程要么导致陆地暴露并且温度升高，要么在冰层表面形成池塘(或湖泊，或溪流)，并吸收能量，融化更多的冰。
Autumn snows have probably already dusted the surface of the melange of ice; snowfall and seasonal sea ice kept much of the debris frozen in place the first winter after the collapse.
秋天的降雪可能已经覆盖了冰层表面的杂质；在崩塌发生后的第一个冬季，降雪和季节性海冰把大部分杂质封冻在当地。
When impactors slammed into the surface of Phoebe, the collisions excavated fresh, bright material — probably ice — underlying the surface layer.
当高速而来的撞击者一头扎进月亮表面时，就掘出了表层以下的新鲜物质——很可能是冰。
Then, when snow or rain wash them onto an ice floe, they darken its surface and thus cause it to melt faster.
随后，雪或雨水将他们冲刷到冰面上，冰的表面会变黑，因而融化的也更快。
The Arctic mammals, known as "sea unicorns" thanks to their single long tusks, also transmitted measurements for the winter layer of surface water that shields sea ice from the warmer waters below.
这种因为长着一根长牙而被称为“海洋独角兽”的北冰洋哺乳动物，同时还传输冬季海水表面的温度，这层海水将海面冰层和下面温暖的海水隔离开来。
Wave action applied pressure to the bottoms and sides, and the pressure propagated up through the ice to the surface.
海浪的作用力向其底部及侧部挤压，这股压力向上传递至冰山的表面。
A European satellite image of the entire glacier tongue shows the ice body's rugged surface. Deep cracks-crevasses-give the glacier tongue its rough texture.
欧洲卫星拍摄的一张冰舌全景图像展示了冰川崎岖不平的表面，深深的冰裂缝使得其表面如此粗糙。
This type of terrain has been interpreted as a sign of surface caving, perhaps due to sublimation of underlying ice.
这种地势被解释为表面侵蚀，或许是由于下面的冰的升华所致。
Ganymede, the largest moon in the solar system, has a dirty ice surface cut by fractures and peppered by impact craters.
这颗太阳系中最大的卫星，表面冰盖布满断层的切口和火山灰的粉末。
Besides the normal states of surface liquid, vapor, or ice, much water exists locked in rock hundreds of miles deep in Earth's mantle.
除了表面覆盖的江湖海水，水蒸气、冰，大部分水可能被锁在地球的地幔深处。
The surface of an ice shelf gets covered by snow, but the underside is very pure ice.
以前的冰架表面覆盖着积雪，而底层的纯冰这时才露出来。
Higher air temperatures can increase surface melting, but warm ocean currents accelerate ice loss more when glaciers flow into the sea.
气温升高能够加速冰川表面的融化，但是当冰川漂移入海之后，温暖的洋流对冰雪消融发挥了更重要的推动作用。
Hyperspectral data, scientists have mapped the location of sulfur deposits on the ice surface (red outline).
通过获得的高光谱数据(hyperspectral data)，科学家绘制了冰层表面硫磺沉淀的范围(红色线)。
Their suspicions about water ice beneath the surface of Mars confirmed, scientists and the world will have renewed interest in the outcome of the soil analyses currently being conducted by the lander.
关于火星表面以下存在水冰的怀疑终于被证实了，根据正在进行的火星车的土壤分析，科学家和整个世界将获得进一步的信息。
When the gulf waters freeze over during the Antarctic winter, they hunt for the krill that lives underneath the ice surface.
在南极洲的冬天，海湾的水面都被冻住了，它们就会去捕捉冰层下面的磷虾为食。
Northern-sky neutrinos come streaking upward through the detector, from the bedrock toward the surface of the ice.
来自北部天空的中微子沿着岩层指向冰面的方向高速向上穿过探测器。
Northern-sky neutrinos come streaking upward through the detector, from the bedrock toward the surface of the ice.
来自北部天空的中微子沿着岩层指向冰面的方向高速向上穿过探测器。
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