Backward Thinking is a method of reproduction of the source text and realization of the maximal equivalence between the source text and target text.
逆向思维是再现原文，实现原文与译文最大限度等值的手段之一。
In current translation study, literary translation is no longer confined in traditional study between source text and target text, but becomes a study of other translation factors.
在当代翻译研究中，文学翻译已不再局限于传统的对源语文本与目的语文本的研究，而是将其他诸多翻译因素也纳入其研究范围。
When translators translate, they usually invade and aggress on the original text, break the balance between the source text and target text and that between the source language and target language.
当译者进行翻译时，他们通常会对原文进行攻击和侵犯，打破原文和译文、源语言和目标语言之间的平衡。
Figure 4 shows a real implementation of an XLIFF editor with source text, target text, and proposed translations.
图4 是XLIFF编辑器的具体实现，其中包括源文本、目标文本和建议的翻译。
Many people believe that translation is an easy thing and all you have to do is to change words from the source text into the equivalent words of a target text.
许多人认为翻译是一件轻而易举的事，你只要把源文本的单词变成目标文本相应的单词就完事大吉。
Many scholars consider literature an art of language, and propose to preserve the special use of the source text with the aim of retaining its literariness in the target text.
许多学者认为文学是语言的艺术，因而文学翻译中必须保留原文的语言特色或独特手法，以便在译文中体现原文的文学性。
Therefore, to search for the best relevance, translator should consider both the context of the source text and the cognitive environment of the reader of the target text.
因此，译者要结合原文语境、译文读者认知语境两方面寻找翻译的最佳关联。
This essay aims at illustrating the unequivalence between the source text and the target text from the perspective of vocabulary, idiom, syntax and sense of beauty.
本文就此从词汇、习语、句法及审美意识等方面论述了源文本与译本由于文化的因素而造成的不对等。
A successful translation requires both the correct comprehension of the source text and the exact expression in the target text.
翻译的成功与否在于对原语理解的正确与否以及在目的语中的表达准确与否。
Information shift in the translation process means to convert the information about events, processes, objects, individuals, places and institutions from the source language text into the target text.
翻译中的信息转换是指把原文中关于事件、状态、过程、物体、个人、地方和机构等方面的信息用目的语传达出来。
In this process, the translator, acting the role of a reader of the source text and also a writer of the target text, will unavoidably add something subjective in his translation.
在这个过程中，译者要把自己作为读者对原文的理解在另一种文化中表达出来，就会不可避免的加入了自己的主观性的东西。
Translation is a specific form of cross-cultural communication and one of its purposes is to realize the effective communication between the source text writer and the target text readers.
翻译作为一种跨文化交际方式，其目的之一是实现原语语篇作者与译语读者之间的有效交际。
Such a dialectic logic is demonstrated, fairly carefully and deeply, in the creation of the source text, the bilingual transferring process, and the purpose and appreciation of the target text.
作者从原语创作、双语转换和翻译目的与评价三个方面，较为细致、深入地论证了翻译的主客观统一的辩证原则。
The subjects and objects in translation process include the source text, the original author, the translator, the target text, and the TL readers.
翻译活动所涉及的主客体分别是：原作者、源语文本、译者、译语文本和译文读者。
The translator, as the reader of the source text and the writer of the target text, plays an active role in translating fuzzy language.
译者既是源文本的读者又是译文的作者，在翻译过程中充分发挥其能动作用。
The subjects and objects in translation process include: the source text, the author, the translator, the target text and the target text readers.
翻译过程中涉及的主客体包括：原文作者，原文，译者，译文和译文读者。
The purpose of any translation is to attain as much equivalence as possible between the target text and the source text by finding equivalents at similar degrees, levels, and ranks.
任何翻译的目的都是为了在目标文本和源文本之间在类似的程度、水平、等级上找到对应以获得尽可能多的对等。
They thought the faithfulness of the target text is ultimate and a translator should reproduce the meaning of the source text on a linguistic level.
人们认为对目标文本的忠实是译者的宗旨所在，译者必须在语言学层面上重现源语文本的意义。
The aim of translation is, partly, to establish cultural equivalence between the source text and the target text.
翻译的目的在于实现源文与译文的文化等值。
Translation is a very complex process that integrates the dynamic interaction between the author, the source text, the translator, the target text and the target text reader.
翻译是一个相当复杂的动态过程，它是原文作者、原文、译者和译文读者之间动态作用的统一体。
Generally speaking, the subjects and objects in the translation process include the source text, the author, the translator, the target text and the target text readers.
一般说来，翻译过程中涉及的主客体包括原文，原文作者，译者，译文和译文读者。
Translation is a process, involving comprehending the source language text (henceforth ST) as a whole and reproducing this whole in the target language text (henceforth TT).
翻译是从原文语篇理解到译文语篇再现的整体翻译过程。
And the process of schema translation involves the decoding of the source language text and the recoding of the target language text.
在图式翻译过程中要重点进行语言图式、语境图式、文体图式和文化图式的成功传译。
Meanwhile, it is a process, which begins with the translator's interpretation of the source text and ends with the target text reader's understanding and acceptance of the target text.
它同时也是一个过程，始于译者对原文的理解，终于译文读者对译文的理解和接受。
Translator's subjectivity is suppressed under the domination of source-text-oriented approach to translation studies. Translators lose their voices in the target-text and become invisible.
在“原文中心论”的影响下，译者的主体性不断地遭到制约，译者失去了自己的声音，成为了“隐形译者”。
Translator's subjectivity is suppressed under the domination of source-text-oriented approach to translation studies. Translators lose their voices in the target-text and become invisible.
在“原文中心论”的影响下，译者的主体性不断地遭到制约，译者失去了自己的声音，成为了“隐形译者”。
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