In this case, we use an abstract class to define the service specification, as shown in Figure 5.
在这种情况下，我们使用一个抽象类来定义服务规范，如图5所示。
Because this specification includes a behavioral protocol, we model it using an abstract class that defines the roles (properties) involved in the service protocol.
由于该规范包括行为协议，所以使用一个对服务协议中涉及到的角色(属性)进行定义的抽象类来进行建模。
These object instances are the orderer and shipper properties in the Service specification class.
这些对象实例就是Service规范类中的订货方和运送方属性。
The reason this works is that the client only needs to know the API to the service it is requesting. This is almost always an interface, although the OSGi specification permits any class to be used.
这样做是因为client只需知道其所需的服务的API（基本上都是接口，尽管OSGi规范允许使用其他类）。
The Framework also supports registering service objects under a class name, so references to service interface in this specification can be interpreted to be an interface or class.
框架页支持以类名的方式注册服务，所以规范中的服务接口可以被理解为一个接口或一个类（当然一般情况下都是用接口）。
The idea, methods of class testing, such as service-based, OSD-based (Object State Diagram), flow graph-based and specification-based, are discussed.
文章从基于服务的、基于对象动态测试模型的、基于流图的以及基于规约的四个方面论述了类测试的思想和方法。
The idea, methods of class testing, such as service-based, OSD-based (Object State Diagram), flow graph-based and specification-based, are discussed.
文章从基于服务的、基于对象动态测试模型的、基于流图的以及基于规约的四个方面论述了类测试的思想和方法。
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