The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers.
1858年，威廉·法尔（WilliamFarr）首次发现了这一效应，他写道，寡妇和鳏夫的死亡风险比已婚同龄人高得多。
Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well.
学者、决策者和各界批评人士都在讨论这些变化所带来的社会影响，但很少有人关注其副作用——家庭风险也在上升。
The European: And what effect might that have on the probability of existential risk?
《欧洲人》：那会对存在风险的出现概率有什么影响？
And even if coffee and tea have some direct effect on glioma risk, the impact would be small.
即便是咖啡和茶对降低罹患脑胶质瘤风险有些直接效果，其影响也很小。
What you eat has a profound effect on your mood and thinking today and your risk for depression and dementia down the road.
吃的东西对你的情绪和思想产生深远的影响，关乎未来患抑郁症和老年痴呆症的风险。
The result is, in effect, a liquid sponge, and means the mixture can be stored indefinitely, like ordinary diesel, without risk of separation.
结果是有效地形成了一个液体海绵，而且该混合物能够像普通柴油那样永久储存，没有重新分离的危险。
Indeed, back in 2006 results from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) stated that daily supplements of vitamin D and calcium 'had no effect' on the risk of colorectal cancer.
事实上，早在2006年对妇女健康倡议说，每天补充维生素D和钙'并没有影响 '发生大肠癌的风险。
They looked at the effect of divorce among peer groups on an individual's own risk of divorce and found a clear process of what the scientists called "social contagion".
他们关注同龄人个体离婚对自己离婚的影响，并发现了一个清晰的过程，科学家称之为“社会感染”。
Most people are not a lot taller than average, and their height will have only a small effect on their cancer risk.
大多数人并不比平均水平高出很多，受癌症风险的影响很小。
Analysts said safety fears and rising costs are creating the risk of a domino effect, in which companies pull out of the complex en masse.
分析人士认为，安全担忧和不断上升的各种成本正在产生连锁反应的风险，导致大量韩国企业撤离开城。
Curbing those abuses through the Dodd-Frank reform law and other new rules - in effect, reducing risk in the system - will cut into revenue.
通过弗兰克法案和其他新规则控制这些行为——确实降低了银行业的风险——将会降低银行业的收入。
Factoring risk into goals tends to be subjective and is best accomplished by increasing the variability of the estimates — in effect, by widening the "margin for error".
通过增加评估的可变性，将风险分散到各个目标往往比较主观，也能很好地实现——事实上，是通过扩大“误差范围”。
The hope is that gene screening could ID women whose fetuses would be at-risk, and that dietary supplements or drugs could block alcohol’s effect.
通过基因筛查技术可以筛选出那些女性的胎儿存在此种风险，并通过饮食补充或药物治疗来阻止酒精的影响。
In the past 10 to 15 years, a growing body of research has shown that foods and vitamins with a strong anti-oxidant effect may reduce the risk of many diseases, including cancer and aging.
在过去的10年至15年，越来越多的研究表明，具有强烈抗氧化作用的食物和维生素可以降低患许多疾病的风险，包括癌症和衰老。
There has been no loss, but the possible effect of a loss has been anticipated and the pre-loss risk reduction step of wearing a belt has been taken.
这就是进行了风险预测，然后采取了系安全带的防灾举措。预测了可能发生的损失，系上安全带就是采取了损失控制措施。
The risk is that China's transition will be made worse by policies whose effect will be to cause a short-term and unsustainable rise in fiscal borrowing, bank debt and corporate inventory.
风险在于，如果政策的效果是令财政借贷、银行债务及企业存货出现短暂、且不可持续的增长，那么这些政策只会令中国的转型之路更加艰难。
And it revealed that while each rule - eating dinner with the family, getting lots of sleep and watching less TV - cuts the risk on its own, the effect was greater when all three were combined.
研究同样显示，不管是与家人一起吃饭，还是获得更充足的睡眠，亦或是少看电视，都会减少自己肥胖的几率，如果三者都做到，效果会更好。
Animal protein tends to increase cancer risk and there are multiple, multiple mechanisms, so to speak, of biochemical explanations for this effect.
动物蛋白会增加患癌症的风险，其作用机制已经被大量生物化学研究所诠释。
In the first three months after the law took effect, surveillance data from 20 urban and rural hospitals, found the risk of road traffic head injuries and deaths decreased by 16% and 18% respectively.
在该法律生效后的前三个月内，据20家城乡医院的监测数据显示，道路交通头部受伤和死亡风险分别降低了16%和18%。
The effect is to give seismologists a tool they can use to make an instant estimate of an earthquake’s depth and thus, if it is submarine, the risk of its creating a big tsunami.
地震学家可据此迅速估算地震深度，如果是海洋地震，还能估算地震是否引发强烈海啸。
The Omega 3 fatty acids seem to have a positive effect on fetal brain development and may reduce the risk of premature birth. There are positive effects on the growth and health of the fetus.
w -3脂肪酸对于胎儿大脑的发育有积极的作用，并可能减少早产的风险，还有利于胎儿的发育和健康。
It was found to also have an effect on other risk factors such as levels of good and bad cholesterol, blood pressure and triglycerides.
临床试验发现，这种药物对于其它危险因素的控制也有效果，例如良性及恶性胆固醇、血压及甘油三酸酯的水平。
It is different from other kind of risk and has a particular position because of its deep, overall, harmful effect to economy and the close relation with the whole crisis of society and economy.
由于它对经济的影响更具深层性、全局性和危害性，与整个社会和经济的全面危机有着最密切的关系，使其区别于其他风险而具有特殊的地位。
The functions of operational lever and financial lever in modern enterprises finance are displayed in the magnifying effect to its returns and risk.
现代企业财务中营业杠杆和财务杠杆的作用，均表现为其对收益和风险的放大效应。
"These women need motivation and encouragement to face their fears regarding their breast cancer history and its effect on milk production, fetal health and of course risk of recurrence," says Azim.
“这些女性们需要激励和鼓励去面对他们对于乳癌病史及其对母乳质量、胎儿建健康和乳癌复发风险的担忧。”Azim说。
Parainfluenza virus infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: risk factors, response to antiviral therapy, and effect on transplant outcome.
造血干细胞移植后的副流感病毒感染：危险因素、对抗病毒治疗的反应以及对移植预后的影响。
Parainfluenza virus infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: risk factors, response to antiviral therapy, and effect on transplant outcome.
造血干细胞移植后的副流感病毒感染：危险因素、对抗病毒治疗的反应以及对移植预后的影响。
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