If businesses are worried about the future (ah those animal spirits), why won't ANY form of attempted stimulus-fiscal or monetary-be dominated by nominal effects rather than real effects?
如果企业对未来担忧(可叹那些动物精神)，为什么那些企图对财政或货币方向进行的刺激，不受名义影响支配而是由实际影响支配呢？
If real dividends barely grow over the long term, then a forecast of stagnant nominal dividends may simply reflect investors' expectations of zero inflation.
如果长期实际股息分红几乎不增长，那么对于名义分红不景气的预测可能仅仅反映出投资者的零通胀预期。
Deflation serves no benefit to the Federal Reserve, as declining prices spur positive-feedback panic selling and bank runs, and debt repayments in nominal terms under deflation cause real losses.
通货紧缩对美联储没有益处，下跌的价格刺激正反馈的恐慌性抛售和银行挤提，以及在通货紧缩下以名义价偿还债务造成的真正损失。
In an emerging economy with rapid productivity growth the real exchange rate should rise over time, through either higher inflation or a rise in the nominal exchange rate.
在一个生产率迅速增长的新兴经济体国内，其实际汇率也会随着时间的推移而上升，方式则可能要么通过高通货膨胀率，要么就是名义汇率的上升。
For most of the past decade, the nominal value of the rupee has been allowed to decline gently against the dollar, by about 5% a year, thus staying fairly steady in real terms.
在过去十年中的大部分时候，卢比的面值被允许以每年约5%的幅度相对于美元温和地贬值，因此它的实际价值是相当稳定的。
A rise in nominal values in deflation represents an ever greater rise in real values, so I think gold's price ascent in real terms will be nearly identical in inflation or deflation.
在通货紧缩情况下名义价值的上升表示其真正价值也有一个更大的上升，所以我认为无论是在通货膨胀或是在通货紧缩情况下，实质的黄金价格都会上升。
Other things being equal (such as roughly similar real interestrates across countries) nominal interest rates should be higher incountries with higher inflation rates.
在其他条件(比如相关真实利率)保持不变情况下，名义利率在高通胀国应更高。
I'm going to assume that both real and nominal commodity prices have recently been increasing in most countries (say using a GDP-weighted set of exchange rates).
我打算假设最近在大多数国家无论在实质上还是名义上商品价格都在上涨(比如采用GD P权重的设置汇率)。
The real yield on ten-year, inflation-indexed Treasury bonds has fallen from 1.05% to 0.5%, a result of relatively flat nominal yields and a rise in expected inflation.
在名义收益率相对较平和预期通胀的双重作用下，10年期通胀指数化美国国债真实收益率从1.05%下降至0.5%。
The mix between nominal and real effects would depend on how much they have to pay new workers, how long they think there will be an increase in demand for their products, and so on.
名义影响和实际影响的综合结果取决于这些厂商支付新工人工资的数目，以及他们预计市场上对产品需求的增加还会维持多长时间等因素。
This means that unless investors are repeatedly surprised, inflation will lead to higher nominal interest rates as debt is refinanced, and in turn to an unchanged real debt.
这意味着，除非不断有惊喜出现在投资者面前，否则，随着国债的再融资，通货膨胀将会导致更高的票面利率，转而成为实际债务。
The real exchange rate adjusts the nominal exchange rate-the one you normally see quoted-by taking into account changes in the price levels in the two countries involved.
实际汇率是把两国的物价水平考虑在内经过调整的名义汇率，你通常看到引用的是名义汇率。
Prices have in fact fallen by 2% in nominal terms in the past ten years, and have dropped by 30% in real terms, even though the cost of generating electricity has shot up.
事实上在过去的十年里，尽管发电成本上升了很多，但是西班牙电价表面上下降了2%，而实际上则下降了30%。
If nominal lending rates were not adjusted in light of the creeping CPI inflation, there would be a growing likelihood of real lending rates becoming negative.
在CPI升幅持续上扬的情况下，假若不调整名义贷款利率，实际贷款利率变成负利率的可能性便日高。
The Economist put together an analysis of the real yuan-dollar rate and found that real appreciation has been significantly greater than nominal appreciation.
本刊将实际的人民币与美元兑换汇率放在一起进行分析，发现人民币实际的增值幅度要远高于名义上的增值幅度。
They believe that the frequent fluctuation of nominal and real exchange rates under the floating exchange rate regime will inevitably lead to the reduction in the volume of international trade.
他们认为，浮动汇率制度下名义汇率和实际汇率的频繁波动将不可避免地导致国际贸易量的减少。
When the experienced burden of karma, that is, let go of power and nominal demand, they will understand that you have to be there is light, and then help others find the real me.
当经历过业力承担，也就是放掉对权力和名义的需求时，就会了解到本身本质上是光之存有，进而帮忙其他人找到真我。
This Paper discusses the impact of export trade on China's economic growth by analyzing a stationary real variable system and a non-stationary nominal variable system separately.
本文分别从平稳的实际变量系统和非平稳的名义变量系统两个角度来考察出口贸易对中国经济增长的影响。
Then work out the real exchange rate of Renminbi by adjusted purchasing power parity and analyze the nominal exchange rate, subsidy and wage policy's effects on real exchange rate respectively.
再利用修正过的购买力平价理论，测算出人民币的真实汇率，并且具体分析名义汇率、补贴、工资政策与真实汇率的变化趋势。
Because the given period isn't campatibile, the real interest rate of bank deposits or loans isn't in accord with the nominal interest rate announced by bank.
由于实际计算利息的次数与名义利率对应的计息次数不一致，银行存（贷）款的实际利率与银行公布的名义利率存在差异。
From 2009 to early 2011, the analysis found, the yuan appreciated by just 4% in nominal terms, but by 17% in real terms, after accounting for inflation.
从2009年到今年早些时候，分析得出人民币在名义上只增值4%，在考虑通货膨胀的因素后，实际达到了17%。
Of a department or enterprise, the average price and the higher the wage increase, they do not need more by reducing the nominal wage to achieve the best possible adjustment of real wages.
某一部门或企业的平均价格和工资涨幅越高，它们就越不需要通过降低名义工资来达到最佳的实际工资调整。
But until quite recently pay has tended to be "sticky" on the way down: workers have generally been reluctant to take wage cuts, at least in nominal terms, which has made real-wage adjustment slow.
但直到最近，薪资仍很难向下调整：工人通常不愿接受减薪，至少在名义上是如此，这使实际工资调整缓慢。
Based on the SCP analysis model of Industry Organization technology, the paper points out that the market performance finally depends upon the real market structure, instead of nominal monopolization.
本文基于产业组织学理论的SCP分析范式，认为市场绩效最终取决于实际的市场结构，而不是名义上的垄断集中程度。
Moreover, the affected country would also suffer debt deflation: with falling nominal prices and wages, the real burden of debt denominated in euros will rise.
此外，受影响的国家还会遭受债务通缩(debt deflation)：随着名义价格和工资不断降低，以欧元计价的实际债务负担将会加重。
What's more, this dissertation analyzes the nominal and real value of import and export. It means that we will make four parts analysis. The results reflect economic phenomenon from different aspects.
另外，本文还分别对出口、进口的名义值和实际值作分析，即要作四部分的分析，得出的结果反映了不同方面的经济现象。
Results of the study reveal that the nominal and real exchange rates bear a long run relationship (cointegrated), while the error correction results confirm short-run deviations in the relationship.
研究结果表明，名义汇率和实际汇率都承受长远的关系(协整关系)，而纠错的结果证实短期存在偏差关系。
The real wage index, obtained by deflating the nominal wage index by the consumer price index (a), indicates changes in the purchasing power of the amount of wages earned.
实质工资指数是从名义工资指数中，按甲类消费物价指数的变幅，扣除通胀的影响而得出，可显示工资金额购买力的转变。
The real wage index, obtained by deflating the nominal wage index by the consumer price index (a), indicates changes in the purchasing power of the amount of wages earned.
实质工资指数是从名义工资指数中，按甲类消费物价指数的变幅，扣除通胀的影响而得出，可显示工资金额购买力的转变。
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